Breathing Regulation Training for Individuals With Panic Disorder
NCT ID: NCT00183521
Last Updated: 2011-12-02
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
COMPLETED
NA
136 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2005-03-31
2008-11-30
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
This study will last 4 weeks and will include both people with PD and those without the condition. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: raise-CO2 breathing, lower-CO2 breathing, or a control group. Participants in both the raise-CO2 and lower-CO2 breathing groups will have five sessions of training in which they will learn specific breathing techniques. Participants in the raise-CO2 group will be taught techniques to recover from hyperventilation faster; participants in the lower-CO2 group will be taught techniques to reach hyperventilation levels, then switch to breathing techniques that reduce hyperventilation symptoms. Participants in the control group will not be taught any breathing techniques but will be included in all assessments.
Participants will be assessed at study entry, during each breathing training session, and at Months 1 and 6 after the study. During each assessment, questionnaires and self-report scales will be used to measure cognitive, psychological, and physiological changes related to participants' breathing.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Keywords
Explore important study keywords that can help with search, categorization, and topic discovery.
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.
1
Participants will receive raise-CO2 breathing regulation training
Raise-CO2 breathing regulation training
Reverse hyperventilation (defined by low arterial CO2) is often characteristic of individuals with panic disorder. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: raise-CO2 breathing, lower-CO2 breathing, or a control group. Participants in the raise-CO2 group will be taught techniques to recover from hyperventilation faster.
2
Participants will receive lower-CO2 breathing regulation training
Lower-CO2 breathing regulation training
According to the false suffocation alarm theory, anxiety is experienced when an overly sensitive hypothalamic mechanism is triggered by rising pCO2. Participants in the lower-CO2 group will be taught techniques to reach hyperventilation levels, then switch to breathing techniques that reduce hyperventilation symptoms.
3
Participants will receive no breathing regulation training
Control
Participants in the control group will not be taught any breathing techniques but will be included in all assessments.
Interventions
Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.
Raise-CO2 breathing regulation training
Reverse hyperventilation (defined by low arterial CO2) is often characteristic of individuals with panic disorder. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: raise-CO2 breathing, lower-CO2 breathing, or a control group. Participants in the raise-CO2 group will be taught techniques to recover from hyperventilation faster.
Lower-CO2 breathing regulation training
According to the false suffocation alarm theory, anxiety is experienced when an overly sensitive hypothalamic mechanism is triggered by rising pCO2. Participants in the lower-CO2 group will be taught techniques to reach hyperventilation levels, then switch to breathing techniques that reduce hyperventilation symptoms.
Control
Participants in the control group will not be taught any breathing techniques but will be included in all assessments.
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
* History of panic attacks that are at least moderately severe in frequency and severity
* Able and willing to comply with all study requirements
Exclusion Criteria
* History of blood circulation problems or cerebrovascular accidents
* Diabetes mellitus
* Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
* History of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or dementia
* Drugs which would affect breathing
* Alcohol or other substance abuse within 1 year prior to study entry
* Current use of any recreational drugs or consumption of more than 15 alcoholic drinks per week
* History of anxiety disorders
18 Years
60 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
NIH
Stanford University
OTHER
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Walton T Roth
M.D.
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Walton T. Roth, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Stanford University and VA Health Care System
Locations
Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.
Stanford University & VA Health Care System
Palo Alto, California, United States
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Kim S, Wollburg E, Roth WT. Opposing breathing therapies for panic disorder: a randomized controlled trial of lowering vs raising end-tidal P(CO(2)). J Clin Psychiatry. 2012 Jul;73(7):931-9. doi: 10.4088/JCP.11m07068.
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.