Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral, and Nutrition Study

NCT ID: NCT00164736

Last Updated: 2010-04-23

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

2369 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2004-03-31

Study Completion Date

2010-01-31

Brief Summary

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This is a comparative clinical trial among HIV-infected women and their infants to determine:

1. the benefit of nutritional supplementation given to women during breastfeeding
2. the benefit and safety of antiretroviral (ARV) medications given either to infants or to their mothers to prevent HIV transmission during breastfeeding
3. the feasibility of exclusive breastfeeding followed by early, rapid breastfeeding cessation

Detailed Description

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This study addresses the complex issues of HIV related maternal morbidity, mortality, and postnatal HIV transmission during breastfeeding and weaning in resource-poor countries. Objectives include assessment of mortality and morbidity among HIV-infected women; evaluation of interventions to reduce HIV transmission to infants exposed by breast milk; and assessment of early weaning as a risk-reduction strategy for infants of HIV-infected mothers.

The study will evaluate the following:

1. The efficacy of a high-density caloric/micronutrient nutritional supplement given to HIV-infected women who breastfeed in preventing maternal depletion (weight loss and micronutrient status).
2. The safety and efficacy of maternal or infant antiretroviral regimens, taken for up to 6 months during breastfeeding, in reducing infant HIV infection rates at 48 weeks.
3. The feasibility of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months followed by rapid weaning.

Additional study objectives are to evaluate the feasibility of delivering these interventions in resource poor settings and to identify maternal, infant, and virologic factors associated with HIV transmission during breastfeeding.

Conditions

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HIV Infections

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Maternal ARVs & Nutrition Supplement

Extended maternal ARVs for prophylaxis (for the infant) \& daily nutritional supplement given to the mother

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Maternal zidovudine/lamivudine/lopinavir-ritonavir

Intervention Type DRUG

Total daily dose: zidovudine 600mg, lamivudine 300mg, (taken as Combivir 1 tab twice a day with food). Lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100mg (taken as 2 tabs twice a day). Commencing after delivery and through to 28 weeks.

Maternal protein and calorie supplement

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

High energy, nutrient-dense, micronutrient fortified nutritional supplement. Daily: Energy 700kcal, Protein 20g, 100% of recommended dietary allowance for all micronutrients during the 6 months of lactation. Vitamin A is excluded.

Infant NVP & Nutrition Supplement

Extended infant nevirapine for prophylaxis \& daily nutritional supplment given to the mother

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Infant nevirapine

Intervention Type DRUG

Nevirapine suspension once daily dose. 0-14days: 10mg; 3-18weeks: 20mg; 19-28weeks: 30mg.

To 28 weeks while breastfeeding.

Maternal protein and calorie supplement

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

High energy, nutrient-dense, micronutrient fortified nutritional supplement. Daily: Energy 700kcal, Protein 20g, 100% of recommended dietary allowance for all micronutrients during the 6 months of lactation. Vitamin A is excluded.

Maternal ARVs & No Nutrition Supplement

Extended maternal ARVs for prophylaxis (for the infant) \& no nutritional supplement given to the mother

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Maternal zidovudine/lamivudine/lopinavir-ritonavir

Intervention Type DRUG

Total daily dose: zidovudine 600mg, lamivudine 300mg, (taken as Combivir 1 tab twice a day with food). Lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100mg (taken as 2 tabs twice a day). Commencing after delivery and through to 28 weeks.

Infant NVP & No Nutrition Supplement

Extended infant nevirapine for prophylaxis \& no nutritional supplment given to the mother

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Infant nevirapine

Intervention Type DRUG

Nevirapine suspension once daily dose. 0-14days: 10mg; 3-18weeks: 20mg; 19-28weeks: 30mg.

To 28 weeks while breastfeeding.

No Drugs & Nutrition Supplement

No extended maternal ARV prophylaxis nor infant nevirapine prophylaxis \& daily nutritional supplement given to the mother.

Note: As of March 2008, the third arm of the antiretroviral intervention, in which neither mother nor infant received drugs beyond enhanced standard of care, was stopped based on recommendations of a Data and Safety Monitoring Board review of interim efficacy results and safety data after 77% participants had received treatment assignment.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Maternal protein and calorie supplement

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

High energy, nutrient-dense, micronutrient fortified nutritional supplement. Daily: Energy 700kcal, Protein 20g, 100% of recommended dietary allowance for all micronutrients during the 6 months of lactation. Vitamin A is excluded.

No Drugs & No Nutrition Supplement

No extended maternal ARV prophylaxis nor infant nevirapine prophylaxis \& no nutritional supplement given to the mother.

Note: As of March 2008, the third arm of the antiretroviral intervention, in which neither mother nor infant received drugs beyond enhanced standard of care, was stopped based on recommendations of a Data and Safety Monitoring Board review of interim efficacy results and safety data after 77% participants had received treatment assignment.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Maternal zidovudine/lamivudine/lopinavir-ritonavir

Total daily dose: zidovudine 600mg, lamivudine 300mg, (taken as Combivir 1 tab twice a day with food). Lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100mg (taken as 2 tabs twice a day). Commencing after delivery and through to 28 weeks.

Intervention Type DRUG

Infant nevirapine

Nevirapine suspension once daily dose. 0-14days: 10mg; 3-18weeks: 20mg; 19-28weeks: 30mg.

To 28 weeks while breastfeeding.

Intervention Type DRUG

Maternal protein and calorie supplement

High energy, nutrient-dense, micronutrient fortified nutritional supplement. Daily: Energy 700kcal, Protein 20g, 100% of recommended dietary allowance for all micronutrients during the 6 months of lactation. Vitamin A is excluded.

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Other Intervention Names

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Combivir tabs (zidovudine 300mg and lamivudine 150mg) Aluvia tabs (lopinavir 200mg /ritonavir 50mg) Viramune (Nevirapine) suspension 50mg/5ml Produced by Nutriset. Daily dose: 2 sachets.

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Recruitment and primary eligibility criteria:

* Age \> 14 years.
* Ability to give informed assent or consent.
* Evidence of HIV infection, as documented by 2 positive ELISA antibody tests; or 1 positive ELISA, and 1 Western Blot; or 2 separate concurrent rapid tests.
* Currently pregnant (with a single or multiple fetuses).
* Gestation \< 30 weeks at referral from 'Call to Action' Program
* No serious current complications of pregnancy.
* Intention to breastfeed.
* Intention to deliver at the institution at which the study is based.
* Not previously enrolled in this study for an earlier pregnancy.
* Other than HIV, no active serious infection, such as tuberculosis or other potentially serious illnesses.
* No previous use of antiretrovirals including the HIVNET 012 regimen.
* Mother's CD4 count \> 250 cells/uL determined in the antenatal clinic.
* Mother's ALT \< 2.5 x ULN (upper limit of normal) determined in the antenatal clinic

Secondary eligibility criteria and treatment assignment:

* Mother who delivers outside of the institution at which the study is based must present with her infant to the study site within 36 hours of delivery.
* Mother accepts nevirapine and zidovudine+lamivudine 7-day regimen for herself and her infant.
* Infant birth weight \> 2000 g.
* No severe congenital malformations or other condition(s) not compatible with life.
* Based on clinical assessment, no maternal condition which would preclude the start of the study intervention.
Minimum Eligible Age

14 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Kamuzu Central Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

FED

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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CDC

Principal Investigators

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Charles van der Horst, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Denise J Jamieson, MD, MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

CDC, Atlanta, GA

Peter Kazembe, MB ChB

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Kamuzu Central Hospital

Locations

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Kamuzu Central Hospital, Bottom Hospital

Lilongwe, , Malawi

Site Status

Countries

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Malawi

References

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Flax VL, Adair LS, Allen LH, Shahab-Ferdows S, Hampel D, Chasela CS, Tegha G, Daza EJ, Corbett A, Davis NL, Kamwendo D, Kourtis AP, van der Horst CM, Jamieson DJ, Bentley ME; BAN Study Team. Plasma Micronutrient Concentrations Are Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy and Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements in Lactating HIV-Infected Malawian Women. J Nutr. 2015 Aug;145(8):1950-7. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.212290. Epub 2015 Jul 8.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 26156797 (View on PubMed)

Widen EM, Bentley ME, Chasela CS, Kayira D, Flax VL, Kourtis AP, Ellington SR, Kacheche Z, Tegha G, Jamieson DJ, van der Horst CM, Allen LH, Shahab-Ferdows S, Adair LS; BAN Study Team. Antiretroviral Treatment Is Associated With Iron Deficiency in HIV-Infected Malawian Women That Is Mitigated With Supplementation, but Is Not Associated With Infant Iron Deficiency During 24 Weeks of Exclusive Breastfeeding. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 Jul 1;69(3):319-28. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000588.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 25723140 (View on PubMed)

Flax VL, Bentley ME, Combs GF Jr, Chasela CS, Kayira D, Tegha G, Kamwendo D, Daza EJ, Fokar A, Kourtis AP, Jamieson DJ, van der Horst CM, Adair LS. Plasma and breast-milk selenium in HIV-infected Malawian mothers are positively associated with infant selenium status but are not associated with maternal supplementation: results of the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Apr;99(4):950-6. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.073833. Epub 2014 Feb 5.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 24500152 (View on PubMed)

Widen EM, Bentley ME, Kayira D, Chasela CS, Daza EJ, Kacheche ZK, Tegha G, Jamieson DJ, Kourtis AP, van der Horst CM, Allen LH, Shahab-Ferdows S, Adair LS; BAN Study Team. Changes in soluble transferrin receptor and hemoglobin concentrations in Malawian mothers are associated with those values in their exclusively breastfed, HIV-exposed infants. J Nutr. 2014 Mar;144(3):367-74. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.177915. Epub 2013 Dec 31.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 24381222 (View on PubMed)

Widen EM, Bentley ME, Kayira D, Chasela CS, Jamieson DJ, Tembo M, Soko A, Kourtis AP, Flax VL, Ellington SR, van der Horst CM, Adair LS; BAN Study team. Maternal weight loss during exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced weight and length gain in daughters of HIV-infected Malawian women. J Nutr. 2013 Jul;143(7):1168-75. doi: 10.3945/jn.112.171751. Epub 2013 May 22.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 23700341 (View on PubMed)

Flax VL, Bentley ME, Chasela CS, Kayira D, Hudgens MG, Kacheche KZ, Chavula C, Kourtis AP, Jamieson DJ, van der Horst CM, Adair LS. Lipid-based nutrient supplements are feasible as a breastmilk replacement for HIV-exposed infants from 24 to 48 weeks of age. J Nutr. 2013 May;143(5):701-7. doi: 10.3945/jn.112.168245. Epub 2013 Mar 6.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 23468553 (View on PubMed)

Flax VL, Bentley ME, Chasela CS, Kayira D, Hudgens MG, Knight RJ, Soko A, Jamieson DJ, van der Horst CM, Adair LS. Use of lipid-based nutrient supplements by HIV-infected Malawian women during lactation has no effect on infant growth from 0 to 24 weeks. J Nutr. 2012 Jul;142(7):1350-6. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.155598. Epub 2012 May 30.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 22649265 (View on PubMed)

Jamieson DJ, Chasela CS, Hudgens MG, King CC, Kourtis AP, Kayira D, Hosseinipour MC, Kamwendo DD, Ellington SR, Wiener JB, Fiscus SA, Tegha G, Mofolo IA, Sichali DS, Adair LS, Knight RJ, Martinson F, Kacheche Z, Soko A, Hoffman I, van der Horst C; BAN study team. Maternal and infant antiretroviral regimens to prevent postnatal HIV-1 transmission: 48-week follow-up of the BAN randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012 Jun 30;379(9835):2449-2458. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60321-3. Epub 2012 Apr 26.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 22541418 (View on PubMed)

Chasela CS, Hudgens MG, Jamieson DJ, Kayira D, Hosseinipour MC, Kourtis AP, Martinson F, Tegha G, Knight RJ, Ahmed YI, Kamwendo DD, Hoffman IF, Ellington SR, Kacheche Z, Soko A, Wiener JB, Fiscus SA, Kazembe P, Mofolo IA, Chigwenembe M, Sichali DS, van der Horst CM; BAN Study Group. Maternal or infant antiretroviral drugs to reduce HIV-1 transmission. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jun 17;362(24):2271-81. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0911486.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 20554982 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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U48CCU409660

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

PA 04003 SIP 26-04

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

CDC-NCCDPHP-3946

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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