Trial Outcomes & Findings for Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Sleep Disturbance (NCT NCT00108628)
NCT ID: NCT00108628
Last Updated: 2015-02-18
Results Overview
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
134 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment
Results posted on
2015-02-18
Participant Flow
Ten participants dropped out prior to randomization.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
61
|
63
|
|
Overall Study
Received One or More Sessions
|
53
|
58
|
|
Overall Study
Completed Treatment
|
42
|
57
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
41
|
53
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
20
|
10
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
|
17
|
9
|
|
Overall Study
Lack of Efficacy
|
2
|
1
|
|
Overall Study
Death
|
1
|
0
|
Baseline Characteristics
Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Sleep Disturbance
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
n=61 Participants
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
n=63 Participants
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
Total
n=124 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
59.79 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.18 • n=5 Participants
|
59.06 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.86 • n=7 Participants
|
59.42 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.55 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
61 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
63 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
124 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
61 participants
n=5 Participants
|
63 participants
n=7 Participants
|
124 participants
n=5 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatmentOutcome measures
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
n=61 Participants
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
n=63 Participants
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
Weekly Number of Nightmares
Baseline
|
3.95 weekly nightmares
Standard Deviation 2.37
|
3.88 weekly nightmares
Standard Deviation 3.95
|
|
Weekly Number of Nightmares
1 month
|
3.28 weekly nightmares
Standard Deviation 2.47
|
3.47 weekly nightmares
Standard Deviation 2.72
|
|
Weekly Number of Nightmares
3 months
|
3.61 weekly nightmares
Standard Deviation 2.63
|
3.09 weekly nightmares
Standard Deviation 2.08
|
|
Weekly Number of Nightmares
6 months
|
3.20 weekly nightmares
Standard Deviation 2.14
|
3.04 weekly nightmares
Standard Deviation 1.89
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatmentOutcome measures
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
n=61 Participants
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
n=63 Participants
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
Weekly Nights With a Nightmare
Baseline
|
2.96 nights/week
Standard Deviation 1.39
|
3.00 nights/week
Standard Deviation 1.43
|
|
Weekly Nights With a Nightmare
1 month
|
2.67 nights/week
Standard Deviation 1.64
|
2.78 nights/week
Standard Deviation 1.54
|
|
Weekly Nights With a Nightmare
3 months
|
3.10 nights/week
Standard Deviation 1.70
|
2.55 nights/week
Standard Deviation 1.41
|
|
Weekly Nights With a Nightmare
6 months
|
2.98 nights/week
Standard Deviation 1.69
|
2.68 nights/week
Standard Deviation 1.42
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatmentTotal scores range from 0 to 21, with higher values indicating poorer sleep quality. A score greater than 5 distinguishes between poor and good sleepers.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
n=61 Participants
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
n=63 Participants
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Baseline
|
13.40 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.00
|
12.85 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.32
|
|
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
1 month
|
12.09 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.26
|
11.82 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.79
|
|
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
3 months
|
12.57 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.83
|
11.70 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.90
|
|
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
6 months
|
12.06 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.09
|
12.00 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.51
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatmentThe PSQI-A is a measure of PTSD-related sleep and dream disturbances. Scores can range from 0 to 21, with higher scores reflecting greater sleep problems.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
n=61 Participants
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
n=63 Participants
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - Addendum
Baseline
|
17.51 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.96
|
17.01 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.76
|
|
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - Addendum
1 month post-treatment
|
16.71 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.18
|
16.29 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.91
|
|
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - Addendum
3 months post-treatment
|
16.58 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.56
|
16.36 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.16
|
|
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - Addendum
6 months post-treatment
|
17.35 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.13
|
17.26 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.56
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatmentThis self-report questionnaire assesses psychosocial impairment attributed to nightmares. Eleven self-report questions are rated on a scale of zero to four. The individual scores are summed to produce a total score ranging from 0 to 44 (reported in the Table). Higher scores reflect greater impairment.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
n=61 Participants
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
n=63 Participants
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
Nightmare Effects Survey
Baseline
|
26.39 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.00
|
24.11 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.99
|
|
Nightmare Effects Survey
1 month post-treatment
|
24.12 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.43
|
24.66 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.18
|
|
Nightmare Effects Survey
3 months post-treatment
|
25.28 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.06
|
24.02 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.22
|
|
Nightmare Effects Survey
6 months post-treatment
|
25.88 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.75
|
24.98 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.14
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatmentSeventeen items indicating the 17 DSM-IV criteria for PTSD are rated on a 5-point scale, from 1 to 5. Scores range from 17 to 85, with a higher score indicating greater symptom severity.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
n=61 Participants
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
n=63 Participants
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
PTSD Military Checklist
6 months post-treatment
|
59.05 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.87
|
59.64 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.30
|
|
PTSD Military Checklist
Baseline
|
62.73 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.18
|
65.06 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.48
|
|
PTSD Military Checklist
1 month post-treatment
|
58.83 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.56
|
60.96 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.43
|
|
PTSD Military Checklist
3 months post-treatment
|
60.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.16
|
61.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.00
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatmentTwenty-one items are rated on a 4-point scale. Total scores range from zero to 63, with higher scores indicating more severe depression.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
n=61 Participants
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
n=63 Participants
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
Beck Depression Inventory
Baseline
|
26.85 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.82
|
23.51 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.92
|
|
Beck Depression Inventory
1 month post-treatment
|
24.16 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.35
|
22.31 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.76
|
|
Beck Depression Inventory
3 months post-treatment
|
24.80 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.14
|
23.76 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.76
|
|
Beck Depression Inventory
6 months post-treatment
|
25.02 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.30
|
23.37 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.34
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatmentThe Health Assessment Questionnaire Short Form 36 (SF-36) determines participants' overall quality of life by assessing 1) limitations in physical functioning due to health problems; 2) limitations in usual role because of physical health problems; 3) bodily pain; 4) general health perceptions; 5) vitality; 6) limitations in social functioning because of physical or emotional problems; 7) limitations in usual role due to emotional problems; and 8) general mental health. Scales 1-4 primarily contribute to the physical component summary score (PCS) of the SF-36. Scores on each scale are summed and averaged (range = 0 "worst"-100 "best").
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
n=61 Participants
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
n=63 Participants
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
SF-36 Physical Component
Baseline
|
37.17 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.21
|
38.53 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.64
|
|
SF-36 Physical Component
1 month post-treatment
|
39.48 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.19
|
36.84 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.34
|
|
SF-36 Physical Component
3 months post-treatment
|
37.72 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.57
|
35.96 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.97
|
|
SF-36 Physical Component
6 months post-treatment
|
35.80 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.64
|
37.21 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.23
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatmentThe Health Assessment Questionnaire Short Form 36 (SF-36) determines participants' overall quality of life by assessing 1) limitations in physical functioning due to health problems; 2) limitations in usual role because of physical health problems; 3) bodily pain; 4) general health perceptions; 5) vitality; 6) limitations in social functioning because of physical or emotional problems; 7) limitations in usual role due to emotional problems; and 8) general mental health. Scales 5-8 primarily contribute to the mental component summary score (PCS) of the SF-36. Scores on each scale are summed and averaged (range = 0 "worst"-100 "best").
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
n=61 Participants
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
n=63 Participants
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
SF-36 Mental Component
Baseline
|
29.69 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.08
|
34.52 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.06
|
|
SF-36 Mental Component
1 month post-treatment
|
32.33 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.63
|
32.84 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.75
|
|
SF-36 Mental Component
3 months post-treatment
|
30.98 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.33
|
34.00 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.35
|
|
SF-36 Mental Component
6 months post-treatment
|
32.15 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.99
|
34.78 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.87
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 1 month post-treatmentSeventeen questions assess the frequency and intensity of PTSD symptoms. Scores range from zero to 136, with a higher score indicating more severe symptoms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
n=61 Participants
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Imagery Rehearsal: IR is a manual-based CBT predicated on the idea that waking mental activity influences nighttime dreams. Veterans examine the content of a recurrent nightmare, use imagery to alter disturbing aspects of the nightmare to promote mastery and control, and rehearse the new dream nightly, before bedtime.
|
Sleep and Nightmare Management
n=63 Participants
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Sleep and Nightmare Management: This comparison condition involved psychoeducation about PTSD, sleep and nightmares, progressive muscle relaxation and standard CBT for insomnia. This latter part included education about sleep hygiene (e.g., avoidance of caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime, benefit of regular bed time routines), stimulus control and sleep restriction (i.e., reestablishing a conditioned association between the bed/bedroom and sleep by reducing time spent tossing and turning in bed). Therapists worked with patients to identify problem areas in their sleep habits and to problem-solve about possible treatment targets
|
|---|---|---|
|
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS)
Baseline
|
81.34 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.00
|
79.48 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.27
|
|
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS)
1 month post-treatment
|
74.04 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.36
|
74.85 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.52
|
Adverse Events
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Sleep and Nightmare Management
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place