Pharmacokinetic Study of Antiretroviral Drugs and Related Drugs During and After Pregnancy

NCT ID: NCT00042289

Last Updated: 2025-12-02

Study Results

Results available

Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.

View full results

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

1578 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2003-06-09

Study Completion Date

2020-09-30

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

IMPAACT P1026s is a Phase IV prospective clinical study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of antiretroviral (ARV) and tuberculosis (TB) medications in pregnant women and their infants. (Pharmacokinetics are the various interactions between a drug and the body.) This study also evaluated the PKs of certain ARVs in postpartum women before and after starting hormonal contraceptives. The PKs of these drugs were evaluated by measuring the amount of medicine present in blood and/or vaginal secretions.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Pregnant women experience unique physiological changes that may result in clinically significant alterations in drug PKs. Unfortunately, there have been few clinical trials to study the PKs of ARV, TB, and hormonal contraceptive drugs in pregnant women. The development of appropriate dosing regimens for the HIV-infected pregnant woman is critical to the health of both mother and fetus. Overdosing may lead to maternal adverse events and increased risk of fetal toxicity, while underdosing may lead to inadequate virologic control, increased risk of developing drug resistance mutations, and a higher rate of perinatal HIV transmission. This study evaluated the PKs of ARVs used during pregnancy; the PKs of TB drugs used during pregnancy, both in women who are HIV-positive and also taking ARVs and in women who are HIV-negative and not taking ARVs; and the PKs of hormonal contraceptive medications taken along with ARVs.

P1026s is a Phase IV clinical study. Participants were not assigned to the drugs under study, but were already receiving the drugs for clinical care by prescription of their clinical care providers. They were enrolled into study arms according to the drugs they were receiving through clinical care, and if on multiple drugs of interest, were able to enroll into multiple arms simultaneously. No drugs were provided as part of this study. This observational study was added to an existing investigational new drug (IND) number because several of the drugs were studied at a higher does than the approved dose after the PK results for the approved dose were found to be inadequate.

P1026s went through 10 protocol versions, with the first and last versions of the protocol finalized in 2002 and 2016, respectively. New study arms were added and analyzed separately with each update of the protocol version. In general, there were five main groups of study arms: HIV-infected pregnant women taking ARVs without TB treatment, HIV-infected pregnant women taking ARVs with first-line TB treatment, HIV-uninfected pregnant women taking no ARVs with first-line TB treatment, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women with or without ARVs with second-line TB treatment for drug-resistant TB, and HIV-infected postpartum women taking ARVs and hormonal contraceptives. The primary analysis of each arm was designed and conducted as a separate single arm evaluation of the drug (or combination of drugs) of interest.

Women who were 20 0/7 weeks to 37 6/7 weeks pregnant were enrolled in this study and remained in the study for up to 12 weeks after delivery. Postpartum women were enrolled at 2 to 12 weeks after delivery and followed until 6 to 7 weeks after starting contraceptives. Infants were enrolled in-utero and followed for 16 to 24 weeks of life. At all study visits, participants underwent a medical history, a physical exam, and blood collection. At some visits, women in some arms underwent a vaginal swab. Blood collection from the mother and the detached umbilical cord occurred during delivery. Intensive PK sampling was performed at study visits during the second and third trimester of pregnancy and/or postpartum, depending on the study arm. Additional study visits may have occurred depending on the ARV drug regimen prescribed. Infant washout PK samples were collected at 2-10, 18-28, 36-72 hours after birth, and 5-9 days of life.

There are a total of 49 study arms across all versions of P1026s protocols. Out of the 49 study arms, 2 did not have PK data\* \[didanosine delayed release (DDI) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) African sites only\]; 2 never enrolled any participants \[amprenavir (APV) and nevirapine/rifampicin (NVP/RIF) with at least one first line TB drug\]; 9 are in the line to be tested/analyzed due to batched analysis which has to be done after the end of the study, the lengthy process of development, validation and approval (regulatory burdens), and laboratory delays related to the COVID-19 pandemic \[all TB arms and all but 3 contraceptive arms (atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir (ATV/RTV/TFV) with etonogestrel (ENG), efavirenz (EFV) with ENG, and LPV/RTV with ENG)\]; and 8 had completion dates earlier than December 26, 2007 \[nevirapine (NVP), abacavir (ABC), LPV/RTV 400/100 mg twice daily (b.i.d.), LPV/RTV 400/100mg then 533/133mg b.i.d, nelfinavir (NFV), emtricitabine (FTC), indinavir/ritonavir (IDV/RTV), and tipranavir/ritonavir\]. In this submission, the Results Section presents participant flow, baseline characteristics and adverse events for all study arms (except the 2 arms that never enrolled), and outcome measure results for the 28 remaining study arms that have been completed and have final results available. For study arms completed prior to December 26, 2007, refer to the study publications in the References section for outcome measures.

For arms with very low enrollment (N\<3), some results throughout the record (e.g. baseline characteristics and outcome measures) were not reported in order to avoid making individual participant data identifiable.

In the Outcome Measures section, there could be multiple outcome measures for same PK parameters (e.g. AUC12) depending on different units or summary statistics used in the analyses (such as median with range vs. median with interquartile range (IQR)).

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

HIV Infections

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. then 600/100mg b.i.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation NOT on tuberculosis treatment who received:

darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) 600/100 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) or 800/100 mg b.i.d. until 30 weeks gestation; then 800/100 mg b.i.d. until postpartum hospital discharge; then 600/100 mg b.i.d. after postpartum hospital discharge until 2 week postpartum PK samples are drawn.

OR darunavir/ritonavir twice daily 600/100 mg b.i.d. or 900/100 mg b.i.d. until 30 weeks gestation; then 900/100 mg b.i.d. until postpartum hospital discharge; then 600/100 mg b.i.d. after postpartum hospital discharge until 2 week postpartum PK samples are drawn.

darunavir/ritonavir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/ritonavir twice daily 600/100 mg b.i.d.

darunavir/ritonavir dosage #2

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/ritonavir twice daily 800/100 mg b.i.d.

darunavir/ritonavir dosage #3

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/ritonavir twice daily 900/100 mg b.i.d.

DTG 50mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation NOT on tuberculosis treatment who received dolutegravir (DTG) 50 mg once a day (q.d.).

dolutegravir

Intervention Type DRUG

dolutegravir 50 mg q.d.

TAF 25mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation NOT on tuberculosis treatment who received tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) 25 mg q.d. without cobicistat or ritonavir boosting.

tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF)

Intervention Type DRUG

TAF 25 mg q.d. without cobicistat or ritonavir boosting

TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation NOT on tuberculosis treatment who received tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) 10 mg q.d. with cobicistat (COBI).

TAF w/cobicistat

Intervention Type DRUG

TAF 10 mg q.d. with cobicistat

TAF 25mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV boosting

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation NOT on tuberculosis treatment who received tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) 25 mg q.d. with cobicistat (COBI) or ritonavir (RTV) boosting.

TAF w/cobicistat or ritonavir

Intervention Type DRUG

TAF 25 mg q.d. with cobicistat or ritonavir boosting

EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation NOT on tuberculosis treatment who received elvitegravir/cobicistat (EVG/COBI) 150/150 mg q.d

elvitegravir/cobicistat

Intervention Type DRUG

elvitegravir/cobicistat 150/150 mg q.d.

DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation NOT on tuberculosis treatment who received darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/COBI) 800/150 mg q.d.

darunavir/cobicistat

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/cobicistat 800/150 mg q.d.

ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation NOT on tuberculosis treatment who received atazanavir/cobicistat (ATV/COBI) 300/150 mg q.d.

atazanavir/cobicistat

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/cobicistat 300/150 mg q.d.

EFV 600 mg q.d. (outside THA)

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation NOT on tuberculosis treatment who received efavirenz (EFV) 600 mg q.d. (Participants outside of Thailand only)

efavirenz

Intervention Type DRUG

efavirenz 600 mg q.d.

EFV 600mg q.d. and at least one 1st line TB drug

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received efavirenz (EFV) 600mg q.d.and TB treatment with at least one of the following TB drugs at study entry:

* rifampicin 8-12 mg/kg (max 600 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.
* ethambutol 15-20 mg/kg q.d., 25-35 mg/kg t.i.w.
* isoniazid 4-6 mg/kg (max 300 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.
* pyrazinamide 20-30mg/kg q.d.; 30-40mg/kg t.i.w.

efavirenz

Intervention Type DRUG

efavirenz 600 mg q.d.

rifampicin

Intervention Type DRUG

rifampicin 8-12 mg/kg (max 600 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.

ethambutol

Intervention Type DRUG

ethambutol 15-20 mg/kg q.d., 25-35 mg/kg t.i.w.

isoniazid

Intervention Type DRUG

isoniazid 4-6 mg/kg (max 300 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.

pyrazinamide

Intervention Type DRUG

pyrazinamide 20-30mg/kg q.d.; 30-40mg/kg t.i.w.

LPV/RTV 800/200mg b.i.d. and at least one 1st line TB drug

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) 800/200mg b.i.d. and TB treatment with at least one of the following TB drugs at study entry:

* rifampicin 8-12 mg/kg (max 600 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.
* ethambutol 15-20 mg/kg q.d., 25-35 mg/kg t.i.w.
* isoniazid 4-6 mg/kg (max 300 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.
* pyrazinamide 20-30mg/kg q.d.; 30-40mg/kg t.i.w.

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir 800/200mg b.i.d.

rifampicin

Intervention Type DRUG

rifampicin 8-12 mg/kg (max 600 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.

ethambutol

Intervention Type DRUG

ethambutol 15-20 mg/kg q.d., 25-35 mg/kg t.i.w.

isoniazid

Intervention Type DRUG

isoniazid 4-6 mg/kg (max 300 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.

pyrazinamide

Intervention Type DRUG

pyrazinamide 20-30mg/kg q.d.; 30-40mg/kg t.i.w.

No ARVs and at least two 1st line TB drugs

HIV-uninfected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received at least two of the following first line TB drugs at study entry:

* rifampicin 8-12 mg/kg (max 600 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.
* ethambutol 15-20 mg/kg q.d., 25-35 mg/kg t.i.w.
* isoniazid 4-6 mg/kg (max 300 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.
* pyrazinamide 20-30mg/kg q.d.; 30-40mg/kg t.i.w.

rifampicin

Intervention Type DRUG

rifampicin 8-12 mg/kg (max 600 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.

ethambutol

Intervention Type DRUG

ethambutol 15-20 mg/kg q.d., 25-35 mg/kg t.i.w.

isoniazid

Intervention Type DRUG

isoniazid 4-6 mg/kg (max 300 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.

pyrazinamide

Intervention Type DRUG

pyrazinamide 20-30mg/kg q.d.; 30-40mg/kg t.i.w.

At least two 2nd line TB drugs w/ or w/out ARVs

HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received at least two of the following second line TB drugs at study entry:

Injectable agents:

* kanamycin
* amikacin
* capreomycin

Fluoroquinolones:

* moxifloxacin
* levofloxacin
* ofloxacin

Oral bacteriostatic second-line agents:

* ethionamide/prothionamide
* terizidone/cycloserine
* para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)

Other agents:

* high dose INH
* bedaquiline
* clofazamine
* delamanid
* linezolid
* pretomanid

kanamycin

Intervention Type DRUG

kanamycin (2nd line TB drug)

amikacin

Intervention Type DRUG

amikacin (2nd line TB drug)

capreomycin

Intervention Type DRUG

capreomycin (2nd line TB drug)

moxifloxacin

Intervention Type DRUG

moxifloxacin (2nd line TB drug)

levoflaxacin

Intervention Type DRUG

levofloxacin (2nd line TB drug)

ofloxacin

Intervention Type DRUG

ofloxacin (2nd line TB drug)

ethionamide/prothionamide

Intervention Type DRUG

ethionamide/prothionamide (2nd line TB drug)

terizidone/cycloserine

Intervention Type DRUG

terizidone/cycloserine (2nd line TB drug)

para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)

Intervention Type DRUG

para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) (2nd line TB drug)

high dose INH

Intervention Type DRUG

high dose INH (2nd line TB drug)

bedaquiline

Intervention Type DRUG

bedaquiline (2nd line TB drug)

clofazamine

Intervention Type DRUG

clofazamine (2nd TB drug)

delamanid

Intervention Type DRUG

delamanid (2nd line TB drug)

linezolid

Intervention Type DRUG

linezolid (2nd line TB drug)

pretomanid

Intervention Type DRUG

pretomanid (2nd line TB drug)

DRV/COBI 800/150mg q.d. or ATV/COBI 300/150mg q.d with 30-35ug EE

HIV-infected women 2-12 weeks (14-84 days) post-delivery who received darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/COBI) 800/150 mg q.d. or atazanavir/cobicistat (ATV/COBI) 300/150 mg q.d. postpartum and starting combined oral contraceptives formulated with 30-35 μg ethinyl estradiol

atazanavir/cobicistat

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/cobicistat 300/150 mg q.d.

darunavir/cobicistat

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/cobicistat 800/150 mg q.d.

ethinyl estradiol

Intervention Type DRUG

oral contraceptives formulated with 30-35 μg ethinyl estradiol

DRV/COBI 800/150mg q.d. or ATV/COBI 300/150mg q.d with ENG

HIV-infected women 2-12 weeks (14-84 days) post-delivery who received darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/COBI) 800/150 mg q.d. or atazanavir/cobicistat (ATV/COBI) 300/150 mg q.d. postpartum and starting etonogestrel (ENG) implant

atazanavir/cobicistat

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/cobicistat 300/150 mg q.d.

darunavir/cobicistat

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/cobicistat 800/150 mg q.d.

etonogestrel implant

Intervention Type DRUG

etonogestrel implant contraceptive

EFV 600mg q.d. with 30-35ug EE

HIV-infected women 2-12 weeks (14-84 days) post-delivery who received efavirenz (EFV) 600mg q.d. postpartum and starting combined oral contraceptives formulated with 30-35 μg ethinyl estradiol (EE)

efavirenz

Intervention Type DRUG

efavirenz 600 mg q.d.

ethinyl estradiol

Intervention Type DRUG

oral contraceptives formulated with 30-35 μg ethinyl estradiol

ATV/RTV/TFV 300/100/300mg q.d. with 30-35ug EE

HIV-infected women 2-12 weeks (14-84 days) post-delivery who received atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir (ATV/RTV/TFV) 300/100/300 mg q.d. postpartum and starting combined oral contraceptives formulated with 30-35 μg ethinyl estradiol (EE)

atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir 300/100/300mg q.d.

ethinyl estradiol

Intervention Type DRUG

oral contraceptives formulated with 30-35 μg ethinyl estradiol

NVP 200mg b.i.d

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 26 weeks gestation who received nevirapine (NVP) 200 mg twice a day

nevirapine

Intervention Type DRUG

nevirapine 200 mg twice a day

APV 1200mg b.i.d

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 26 weeks gestation who received amprenavir (APV) 1200mg twice a day

amprenavir

Intervention Type DRUG

amprenavir 1200mg twice a day

ABC 300mg b.i.d

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received abacavir (ABC) 300mg twice a day

abacavir

Intervention Type DRUG

abacavir 300mg twice a day

LPV/RTV Arm 1: 400/100mg b.i.d

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 26 weeks gestation who received lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) 400/100mg twice a day

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #2

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) 400/100mg twice a day

IDV/RTV Arm 1: 800/100mg b.i.d

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 26 weeks gestation who received indinavir/ritonavir (IDV/RTV) 800/100 mg twice a day

indinavir/ritonavir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

indinavir/ritonavir 800/100mg twice a day

FPV/RTV 700/100mg b.i.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received fosamprenavir/ritonavir (FPV/RTV)700/100mg twice a day

fosamprenavir/ritonavir

Intervention Type DRUG

fosamprenavir/ritonavir 700/100 mg twice a day

LPV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg b.i.d. then 533/133mg b.i.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received Kaletra (LPV/RTV) 400/100 mg twice a day until 30 weeks gestation, then 533/133 mg twice a day until results of postpartum PK evaluation were available

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #2

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) 400/100mg twice a day

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #3

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) 533/133 mg twice a day

ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/100mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/RTV) 300/100 mg once a day

atazanavir/ritonavir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg once a day

DDI 400mg or 250mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received didanosine delayed release (Videx® EC) (DDI) 400 mg once a day if weight \> 60 kg; 250 mg once a day if weight \< 60 kg

didanosine delayed release (Videx® EC)

Intervention Type DRUG

didanosine delayed release (Videx® EC) 400 mg once a day if weight \> 60 kg; 250 mg once a day if weight \< 60 kg

FTC 200mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg once a day

emtricitabine

Intervention Type DRUG

emtricitabine 200 mg once a day

TFV 300mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received tenofovir (TFV) 300 mg once a day

tenofovir

Intervention Type DRUG

tenofovir 300 mg once a day

TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/300/100mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received tenofovir/atazanavir/ritonavir (TFV/ATV/RTV) 300/300/100 mg once a day

atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir 300/100/300mg q.d.

NFV Arm 1: 1250mg b.i.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received nelfinavir (NFV) \[625 mg tablets\] 1250 mg twice a day

nelfinavir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

nelfinavir \[625 mg tablets\] 1250 mg twice a day

EFV 600mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received efavirenz (EFV) 600 mg once a day

efavirenz

Intervention Type DRUG

efavirenz 600 mg q.d.

TPV/RTV 500/200mg b.i.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received tipranavir/ritonavir (TPV/RTV) 500/200 mg twice a day

tipranavir/ritonavir

Intervention Type DRUG

tipranavir/ritonavir 500/200 mg twice a day

LPV/RTV Arm 3: 400/100mg b.i.d. then 600/150mg b.i.d. then 400/100mg b.i.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) tablets 400/100 mg \[2 tablets\] twice a day until 30 weeks gestation, then 600/150 mg \[3 tablets\] twice a day until postpartum hospital discharge; and 400/100 mg \[2 tablets\] twice a day after postpartum hospital discharge, until 2 week postpartum PK sample is drawn

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #2

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) 400/100mg twice a day

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #4

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) tablets 600/150 mg \[3 tablets\] twice a day

RAL 400mg b.i.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received raltegravir (RAL) 400 mg twice a day

raltegravir

Intervention Type DRUG

raltegravir 400 mg twice a day

ETR 200mg b.i.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received etravirine (ETR) 200mg twice a day

etravirine

Intervention Type DRUG

etravirine 200 mg twice a day

MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received maraviroc (MVC)150 mg or 300 mg twice a day

maraviroc

Intervention Type DRUG

maraviroc 150 mg or 300 mg twice a day

DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) 800/100 mg once a day

darunavir/ritonavir dosage #4

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/ritonavir once daily 800/100 mg q.d.

DRV/RTV 600/100mg b.i.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) 600/100 mg twice a day

darunavir/ritonavir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/ritonavir twice daily 600/100 mg b.i.d.

ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. then 400/100mg q.d. then 300/100mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/RTV) 300/100 mg once a day until 30 weeks gestation then 400/100 mg once a day until postpartum hospital discharge; then 300/100 mg once a day after postpartum hospital discharge until 2 week postpartum PK samples drawn

atazanavir/ritonavir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg once a day

atazanavir/ritonavir dosage #2

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/ritonavir 400/100mg once a day

TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. then 300/400/100mg q.d then 300/300/100mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received tenofovir/atazanavir/ritonavir (TFV/ATV/RTV) 300/300/100 mg once a day until 30 weeks gestation; then 300/400/100 mg once a day until postpartum hospital discharge; then 300/300/100 mg once a day after postpartum hospital discharge until 2 week postpartum PK samples drawn

atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir 300/100/300mg q.d.

tenofovir/atazanavir/ritonavir dosage #2

Intervention Type DRUG

tenofovir/atazanavir/ritonavir 300/400/100 mg once a day

NFV Arm 2: 1250mg b.i.d. then 1875mg b.i.d. then 1250mg b.i.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received nelfinavir (NFV) \[625 mg tablets\] 1250 mg twice a day until 30 weeks gestation; then 1875 mg twice a day until postpartum hospital discharge; then 1250 mg twice a day after postpartum hospital discharge until 2 week postpartum PK samples drawn

nelfinavir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

nelfinavir \[625 mg tablets\] 1250 mg twice a day

nelfinavir dosage #2

Intervention Type DRUG

nelfinavir \[625 mg tablets\] 1875 mg twice a day

IDV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg q.d. (only THA)

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received indinavir/ritonavir (IDV/RTV) 400/100 mg twice a day only to participants enrolling in Thailand

indinavir/ritonavir dosage #2

Intervention Type DRUG

indinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg twice a day

LPV/RTV Arm 4: 400/100mg b.i.d. then 600/150mg b.i.d. then 400/100mg b.i.d. (only African sites)

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV, Alluvia tablets) 400/100 mg \[2 tablets\] twice day until 30 weeks gestation; then 600/150 mg \[3 tablets\] twice a day until postpartum hospital discharge; then 400/100 mg \[2 tablets\] twice a day after postpartum hospital discharge until 2 week postpartum PK sample drawn only to participants enrolling in Uganda

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #2

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) 400/100mg twice a day

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #4

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) tablets 600/150 mg \[3 tablets\] twice a day

RPV 25mg q.d.

HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation who received rilpivirine (RPV) (25 mg q.d.)

rilpivirine

Intervention Type DRUG

rilpivirine (25 mg q.d.)

NVP 200mg b.i.d. and RIF and at least one 1st line TB drug

HIV-infected pregnant women \> 20 weeks gestation who received nevirapine (NVP) 200 mg b.i.d AND rifampicin 8-12 mg/kg (max 600 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w. and at least one of the following drugs at study entry:

* ethambutol 15-20 mg/kg q.d., 25-35 mg/kg t.i.w.
* isoniazid 4-6 mg/kg (max 300 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.
* pyrazinamide 20-30mg/kg q.d.; 30-40mg/kg t.i.w.

ethambutol

Intervention Type DRUG

ethambutol 15-20 mg/kg q.d., 25-35 mg/kg t.i.w.

isoniazid

Intervention Type DRUG

isoniazid 4-6 mg/kg (max 300 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.

pyrazinamide

Intervention Type DRUG

pyrazinamide 20-30mg/kg q.d.; 30-40mg/kg t.i.w.

nevirapine

Intervention Type DRUG

nevirapine 200 mg twice a day

ATV/RTV/TFV 300/100/300mg q.d. with ENG

HIV- infected women 2-12 weeks postpartum who received atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir (ATV/RTV/TFV) 300/100/300 mg q.d. postpartum and starting postpartum etonogestrel (ENG) implant

atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir dosage #1

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir 300/100/300mg q.d.

etonogestrel implant

Intervention Type DRUG

etonogestrel implant contraceptive

LPV/RTV 400/100 b.i.d. with 30-35ug EE

HIV- infected women 2-12 weeks postpartum who received lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) 400/100 b.i.d. postpartum and starting combined oral contraceptives formulated with 30-35 μg ethinyl estradiol (EE)

ethinyl estradiol

Intervention Type DRUG

oral contraceptives formulated with 30-35 μg ethinyl estradiol

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #2

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) 400/100mg twice a day

LPV/RTV 400/100 b.i.d. with ENG

HIV- infected women 2-12 weeks postpartum who received lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) 400/100 b.i.d. postpartum and starting postpartum etonogestrel (ENG) implant

etonogestrel implant

Intervention Type DRUG

etonogestrel implant contraceptive

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #2

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) 400/100mg twice a day

EFV 600mg q.d. with ENG

HIV-infected women 2-12 weeks postpartum who received efavirenz (EFV) 600mg q.d. postpartum and starting postpartum etonogestrel (ENG) implant

efavirenz

Intervention Type DRUG

efavirenz 600 mg q.d.

etonogestrel implant

Intervention Type DRUG

etonogestrel implant contraceptive

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

atazanavir/cobicistat

atazanavir/cobicistat 300/150 mg q.d.

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/ritonavir dosage #1

darunavir/ritonavir twice daily 600/100 mg b.i.d.

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/ritonavir dosage #2

darunavir/ritonavir twice daily 800/100 mg b.i.d.

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/ritonavir dosage #3

darunavir/ritonavir twice daily 900/100 mg b.i.d.

Intervention Type DRUG

elvitegravir/cobicistat

elvitegravir/cobicistat 150/150 mg q.d.

Intervention Type DRUG

dolutegravir

dolutegravir 50 mg q.d.

Intervention Type DRUG

tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF)

TAF 25 mg q.d. without cobicistat or ritonavir boosting

Intervention Type DRUG

TAF w/cobicistat

TAF 10 mg q.d. with cobicistat

Intervention Type DRUG

TAF w/cobicistat or ritonavir

TAF 25 mg q.d. with cobicistat or ritonavir boosting

Intervention Type DRUG

efavirenz

efavirenz 600 mg q.d.

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/cobicistat

darunavir/cobicistat 800/150 mg q.d.

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #1

lopinavir/ritonavir 800/200mg b.i.d.

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir dosage #1

atazanavir/ritonavir/tenofovir 300/100/300mg q.d.

Intervention Type DRUG

rifampicin

rifampicin 8-12 mg/kg (max 600 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.

Intervention Type DRUG

ethambutol

ethambutol 15-20 mg/kg q.d., 25-35 mg/kg t.i.w.

Intervention Type DRUG

isoniazid

isoniazid 4-6 mg/kg (max 300 mg) q.d.; 8-12 mg/kg (max 900 mg) t.i.w.

Intervention Type DRUG

pyrazinamide

pyrazinamide 20-30mg/kg q.d.; 30-40mg/kg t.i.w.

Intervention Type DRUG

kanamycin

kanamycin (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

amikacin

amikacin (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

capreomycin

capreomycin (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

moxifloxacin

moxifloxacin (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

levoflaxacin

levofloxacin (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

ofloxacin

ofloxacin (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

ethionamide/prothionamide

ethionamide/prothionamide (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

terizidone/cycloserine

terizidone/cycloserine (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)

para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

high dose INH

high dose INH (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

bedaquiline

bedaquiline (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

clofazamine

clofazamine (2nd TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

delamanid

delamanid (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

linezolid

linezolid (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

pretomanid

pretomanid (2nd line TB drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

ethinyl estradiol

oral contraceptives formulated with 30-35 μg ethinyl estradiol

Intervention Type DRUG

etonogestrel implant

etonogestrel implant contraceptive

Intervention Type DRUG

nevirapine

nevirapine 200 mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

amprenavir

amprenavir 1200mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

abacavir

abacavir 300mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #2

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) 400/100mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

indinavir/ritonavir dosage #1

indinavir/ritonavir 800/100mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

fosamprenavir/ritonavir

fosamprenavir/ritonavir 700/100 mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #3

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) 533/133 mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/ritonavir dosage #1

atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg once a day

Intervention Type DRUG

didanosine delayed release (Videx® EC)

didanosine delayed release (Videx® EC) 400 mg once a day if weight \> 60 kg; 250 mg once a day if weight \< 60 kg

Intervention Type DRUG

emtricitabine

emtricitabine 200 mg once a day

Intervention Type DRUG

tenofovir

tenofovir 300 mg once a day

Intervention Type DRUG

nelfinavir dosage #1

nelfinavir \[625 mg tablets\] 1250 mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

tipranavir/ritonavir

tipranavir/ritonavir 500/200 mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

lopinavir/ritonavir dosage #4

lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) tablets 600/150 mg \[3 tablets\] twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

raltegravir

raltegravir 400 mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

etravirine

etravirine 200 mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

maraviroc

maraviroc 150 mg or 300 mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

atazanavir/ritonavir dosage #2

atazanavir/ritonavir 400/100mg once a day

Intervention Type DRUG

tenofovir/atazanavir/ritonavir dosage #2

tenofovir/atazanavir/ritonavir 300/400/100 mg once a day

Intervention Type DRUG

nelfinavir dosage #2

nelfinavir \[625 mg tablets\] 1875 mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

indinavir/ritonavir dosage #2

indinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg twice a day

Intervention Type DRUG

rilpivirine

rilpivirine (25 mg q.d.)

Intervention Type DRUG

darunavir/ritonavir dosage #4

darunavir/ritonavir once daily 800/100 mg q.d.

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Participant must belong to one of the following 5 groups:

1. HIV-infected pregnant women greater than or equal to 20 weeks gestation NOT on TB treatment receiving one or more of the ARV drugs/drug combinations specified in the protocol
2. HIV-infected pregnant women greater than or equal to 20 weeks gestation receiving one of the ARV drugs/drug combinations specified in the protocol and TB treatment with at least one of the TB drugs, specified in the protocol, at study entry
3. HIV-uninfected pregnant women greater than or equal to 20 weeks gestation receiving at least two of the first-line TB drugs, specified in the protocol, at study entry
4. HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women greater than or equal to 20 weeks gestation receiving at least two of the second-line TB drugs, specified in the protocol, at study entry
5. HIV-infected women 2 to 12 weeks (14 to 84 days) post-delivery receiving one of the ARV drug combinations listed in the protocol AND starting postpartum contraceptives as listed in the protocol
* The woman must be stable on the ARV drug/drug combination and/or TB drug combination for at least 2 weeks prior to PK sampling
* If a woman is receiving a specific generic ARV formulation, the protocol team has approved this formulation
* HIV-infected pregnant women must be planning to continue on current ARV regimen until postpartum PK sampling is completed. HIV-infected postpartum women on hormonal contraceptives must be planning to continue on ARV and contraceptive regimens until final PK sampling is completed
* For HIV-infected women: confirmed HIV infection, documented by positive results from two samples collected at different time points prior to study entry. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol.
* HIV-uninfected pregnant women must have documented negative HIV antibody test during current pregnancy. Note: adequate source documentation, including the date of specimen collection, date of testing, test performed, and test result, must be available.
* Participants enrolling in the 3rd trimester must enroll by 37 6/7 weeks gestation
* Participant can provide legal informed consent per local regulations
* If a woman has completed this study and becomes pregnant again, she may re-enroll in the study only if she is enrolled in a different arm than that studied during her initial enrollment

Exclusion Criteria

* Women on medicines known to interfere with absorption, metabolism, or clearance of the drug being evaluated (see protocol for more information). Rifampicin is permitted for women being evaluated for TB and ARV drug interactions
* If pregnant, carrying multiple fetuses
* Clinical or laboratory toxicity that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would be likely to require a change in the medicine regimen during the period of study

Infant Enrollment Criteria:

\- All infants of mothers enrolled during pregnancy (meeting criteria specified above) are enrolled, in utero, immediately after maternal enrollment.

Infant Requirements for Washout Pharmacokinetic Sampling:

* Born to HIV-infected mother enrolled during pregnancy in an ARV arm (does not include infants born to HIV-uninfected mothers receiving TB drugs)
* Birth weight greater than 1000 grams
* Is NOT receiving disallowed medications described in Section 7 of the protocol
* Does not have any severe congenital malformation or other medical condition not compatible with life or that would interfere with study participation or interpretation, as judged by the site investigator
* Born after singleton delivery (not after multiple birth)
Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Mark Mirochnick, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Boston Medical Center

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

UAB Pediatric Infectious Diseases CRS

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status

University of California, UC San Diego CRS- Mother-Child-Adolescent HIV Program

La Jolla, California, United States

Site Status

Miller Children's Hosp. Long Beach CA NICHD CRS

Long Beach, California, United States

Site Status

Usc La Nichd Crs

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA NICHD CRS

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Univ. of California San Francisco NICHD CRS

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Harbor UCLA Medical Ctr. NICHD CRS

Torrance, California, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Colorado Denver NICHD CRS

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Yale Univ. School of Medicine - Dept. of Peds., Div. of Infectious Disease

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Site Status

Washington Hosp. Ctr. NICHD CRS

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Florida Jacksonville NICHD CRS

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Site Status

Pediatric Perinatal HIV Clinical Trials Unit CRS

Miami, Florida, United States

Site Status

USF - Tampa NICHD CRS

Tampa, Florida, United States

Site Status

Emory University School of Medicine NICHD CRS

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

Med. College of Georgia School of Medicine, Dept. of Peds., Div. of Infectious Diseases

Augusta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

Mt. Sinai Hosp. Med. Ctr. - Chicago, Womens & Childrens HIV Program

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Rush Univ. Cook County Hosp. Chicago NICHD CRS

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Dept. of Peds.

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (LCH) CRS

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Tulane Univ. New Orleans NICHD CRS

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Maryland Baltimore NICHD CRS

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Johns Hopkins Univ. Baltimore NICHD CRS

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Children's Hosp. of Boston NICHD CRS

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Boston Medical Center Ped. HIV Program NICHD CRS

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Baystate Health, Baystate Med. Ctr.

Springfield, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

WNE Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS CRS

Worcester, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital of Michigan NICHD CRS

Detroit, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School CRS

Newark, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

Nyu Ny Nichd Crs

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Metropolitan Hosp. NICHD CRS

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Columbia IMPAACT CRS

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

SUNY Stony Brook NICHD CRS

Stony Brook, New York, United States

Site Status

Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center NICHD CRS

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status

Jacobi Med. Ctr. Bronx NICHD CRS

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status

DUMC Ped. CRS

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Philadelphia IMPAACT Unit CRS

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Regional Med. Ctr. at Memphis

Memphis, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital CRS

Memphis, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

Seattle Children's Research Institute CRS

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Hosp. General de Agudos Buenos Aires Argentina NICHD CRS

Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Site Status

Gaborone CRS

Gaborone, South-East District, Botswana

Site Status

Molepolole CRS

Gaborone, , Botswana

Site Status

SOM Federal University Minas Gerais Brazil NICHD CRS

Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Site Status

Hosp. Santa Casa Porto Alegre Brazil NICHD CRS

Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Site Status

Hosp. dos Servidores Rio de Janeiro NICHD CRS

Rio de Janeiro, , Brazil

Site Status

Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado NICHD CRS

Rio de Janeiro, , Brazil

Site Status

Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagao Gesteira - UFRJ NICHD CRS

Rio de Janeiro, , Brazil

Site Status

Hosp. Geral De Nova Igaucu Brazil NICHD CRS

Rio de Janeiro, , Brazil

Site Status

Univ. of Sao Paulo Brazil NICHD CRS

São Paulo, , Brazil

Site Status

IMPAACT/ Gamma Project/ UPR Pediatric HIV/AIDS Research CRS

San Juan, , Puerto Rico

Site Status

San Juan City Hosp. PR NICHD CRS

San Juan, , Puerto Rico

Site Status

Wits RHI Shandukani Research Centre CRS

Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

Site Status

Desmond Tutu TB Centre - Stellenbosch University (DTTC-SU) CRS

Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Site Status

Famcru Crs

Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa

Site Status

Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC)

Moshi, , Tanzania

Site Status

Bhumibol Adulyadej Hosp. CRS

Sai Mai, Bangkok, Thailand

Site Status

Siriraj Hospital ,Mahidol University NICHD CRS

Bangkok, Bangkoknoi, Thailand

Site Status

Phayao Provincial Hosp. CRS

T.Tom, Muang, Changwat Phayao, Thailand

Site Status

Prapokklao Hosp. CRS

Chanthaburi, , Thailand

Site Status

Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital NICHD CRS

Chiang Mai, , Thailand

Site Status

Chiang Mai University HIV Treatment (CMU HIV Treatment) CRS

Chiang Mai, , Thailand

Site Status

Chonburi Hosp. CRS

Chon Buri, , Thailand

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States Argentina Botswana Brazil Puerto Rico South Africa Tanzania Thailand

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Loutfy MR, Walmsley SL. Treatment of HIV infection in pregnant women: antiretroviral management options. Drugs. 2004;64(5):471-88. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200464050-00002.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14977385 (View on PubMed)

Mirochnick M, Capparelli E. Pharmacokinetics of antiretrovirals in pregnant women. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2004;43(15):1071-87. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200443150-00002.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15568888 (View on PubMed)

Rakhmanina NY, van den Anker JN, Soldin SJ. Safety and pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. Ther Drug Monit. 2004 Apr;26(2):110-5. doi: 10.1097/00007691-200404000-00004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15228149 (View on PubMed)

Sullivan JL. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV--what next? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Sep;34 Suppl 1:S67-72. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200309011-00010.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14562860 (View on PubMed)

Best BM, Mirochnick M, Capparelli EV, Stek A, Burchett SK, Holland DT, Read JS, Smith E, Hu C, Spector SA, Connor JD; PACTG P1026s Study Team. Impact of pregnancy on abacavir pharmacokinetics. AIDS. 2006 Feb 28;20(4):553-60. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000210609.52836.d1.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16470119 (View on PubMed)

Stek AM, Mirochnick M, Capparelli E, Best BM, Hu C, Burchett SK, Elgie C, Holland DT, Smith E, Tuomala R, Cotter A, Read JS. Reduced lopinavir exposure during pregnancy. AIDS. 2006 Oct 3;20(15):1931-9. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000247114.43714.90.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16988514 (View on PubMed)

Aweeka FT, Stek A, Best BM, Hu C, Holland D, Hermes A, Burchett SK, Read J, Mirochnick M, Capparelli EV; International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group (IMPAACT) P1026s Protocol Team. Lopinavir protein binding in HIV-1-infected pregnant women. HIV Med. 2010 Apr;11(4):232-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00767.x. Epub 2009 Dec 3.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20002783 (View on PubMed)

Mirochnick M, Best BM, Stek AM, Capparelli EV, Hu C, Burchett SK, Rossi SS, Hawkins E, Basar M, Smith E, Read JS; IMPAACT 1026s Study Team. Atazanavir pharmacokinetics with and without tenofovir during pregnancy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Apr 15;56(5):412-9. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31820fd093.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21283017 (View on PubMed)

Capparelli EV, Aweeka F, Hitti J, Stek A, Hu C, Burchett SK, Best B, Smith E, Read JS, Watts H, Nachman S, Thorpe EM Jr, Spector SA, Jimenez E, Shearer WT, Foca M, Mirochnick M; PACTG 1026S Study Team; PACTG P1022 Study Team. Chronic administration of nevirapine during pregnancy: impact of pregnancy on pharmacokinetics. HIV Med. 2008 Apr;9(4):214-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00553.x.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18366444 (View on PubMed)

Mirochnick M, Best BM, Stek AM, Capparelli E, Hu C, Burchett SK, Holland DT, Smith E, Gaddipati S, Read JS; PACTG 1026s Study Team. Lopinavir exposure with an increased dose during pregnancy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Dec 15;49(5):485-91. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318186edd0.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18989231 (View on PubMed)

Read JS, Best BM, Stek AM, Hu C, Capparelli EV, Holland DT, Burchett SK, Smith ME, Sheeran EC, Shearer WT, Febo I, Mirochnick M. Pharmacokinetics of new 625 mg nelfinavir formulation during pregnancy and postpartum. HIV Med. 2008 Nov;9(10):875-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00640.x. Epub 2008 Sep 14.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18795962 (View on PubMed)

Best BM, Stek AM, Mirochnick M, Hu C, Li H, Burchett SK, Rossi SS, Smith E, Read JS, Capparelli EV; International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group 1026s Study Team. Lopinavir tablet pharmacokinetics with an increased dose during pregnancy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Aug;54(4):381-8. doi: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181d6c9ed.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20632458 (View on PubMed)

Stek AM, Best BM, Luo W, Capparelli E, Burchett S, Hu C, Li H, Read JS, Jennings A, Barr E, Smith E, Rossi SS, Mirochnick M. Effect of pregnancy on emtricitabine pharmacokinetics. HIV Med. 2012 Apr;13(4):226-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00965.x. Epub 2011 Nov 30.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22129166 (View on PubMed)

Cressey TR, Stek A, Capparelli E, Bowonwatanuwong C, Prommas S, Sirivatanapa P, Yuthavisuthi P, Neungton C, Huo Y, Smith E, Best BM, Mirochnick M; IMPAACT P1026s Team. Efavirenz pharmacokinetics during the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Mar 1;59(3):245-52. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31823ff052.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22083071 (View on PubMed)

Cressey TR, Best BM, Achalapong J, Stek A, Wang J, Chotivanich N, Yuthavisuthi P, Suriyachai P, Prommas S, Shapiro DE, Watts DH, Smith E, Capparelli E, Kreitchmann R, Mirochnick M; IMPAACT P1026s team. Reduced indinavir exposure during pregnancy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Sep;76(3):475-83. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12078.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23305215 (View on PubMed)

Kreitchmann R, Best BM, Wang J, Stek A, Caparelli E, Watts DH, Smith E, Shapiro DE, Rossi S, Burchett SK, Hawkins E, Byroads M, Cressey TR, Mirochnick M. Pharmacokinetics of an increased atazanavir dose with and without tenofovir during the third trimester of pregnancy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 May 1;63(1):59-66. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318289b4d2.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23392467 (View on PubMed)

Watts DH, Stek A, Best BM, Wang J, Capparelli EV, Cressey TR, Aweeka F, Lizak P, Kreitchmann R, Burchett SK, Shapiro DE, Hawkins E, Smith E, Mirochnick M; IMPAACT 1026s study team. Raltegravir pharmacokinetics during pregnancy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 Dec 1;67(4):375-81. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000318.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25162818 (View on PubMed)

Cressey TR, Urien S, Capparelli EV, Best BM, Buranabanjasatean S, Limtrakul A, Rawangban B, Sabsanong P, Treluyer JM, Jourdain G, Stek A, Lallemant M, Mirochnick M. Impact of body weight and missed doses on lopinavir concentrations with standard and increased lopinavir/ritonavir doses during late pregnancy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Jan;70(1):217-24. doi: 10.1093/jac/dku367. Epub 2014 Sep 25.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25261418 (View on PubMed)

Aweeka FT, Hu C, Huang L, Best BM, Stek A, Lizak P, Burchett SK, Read JS, Watts H, Mirochnick M, Capparelli EV; International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group (IMPAACT) P1026s Protocol Team. Alteration in cytochrome P450 3A4 activity as measured by a urine cortisol assay in HIV-1-infected pregnant women and relationship to antiretroviral pharmacokinetics. HIV Med. 2015 Mar;16(3):176-83. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12195. Epub 2014 Nov 18.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25407158 (View on PubMed)

Colbers A, Best B, Schalkwijk S, Wang J, Stek A, Hidalgo Tenorio C, Hawkins D, Taylor G, Kreitchmann R, Burchett S, Haberl A, Kabeya K, van Kasteren M, Smith E, Capparelli E, Burger D, Mirochnick M; PANNA Network and the IMPAACT 1026 Study Team. Maraviroc Pharmacokinetics in HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 15;61(10):1582-9. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ587. Epub 2015 Jul 22.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26202768 (View on PubMed)

Best BM, Burchett S, Li H, Stek A, Hu C, Wang J, Hawkins E, Byroads M, Watts DH, Smith E, Fletcher CV, Capparelli EV, Mirochnick M; International Maternal Pediatric and Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) P1026s Team. Pharmacokinetics of tenofovir during pregnancy and postpartum. HIV Med. 2015 Sep;16(8):502-11. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12252. Epub 2015 May 11.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25959631 (View on PubMed)

Stek A, Best BM, Wang J, Capparelli EV, Burchett SK, Kreitchmann R, Rungruengthanakit K, Cressey TR, Mofenson LM, Smith E, Shapiro D, Mirochnick M. Pharmacokinetics of Once Versus Twice Daily Darunavir in Pregnant HIV-Infected Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 Sep 1;70(1):33-41. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000668.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25950206 (View on PubMed)

Tran AH, Best BM, Stek A, Wang J, Capparelli EV, Burchett SK, Kreitchmann R, Rungruengthanakit K, George K, Cressey TR, Chakhtoura N, Smith E, Shapiro DE, Mirochnick M; IMPAACT P1026s Protocol Team. Pharmacokinetics of Rilpivirine in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Jul 1;72(3):289-96. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000968.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26918544 (View on PubMed)

Mulligan N, Schalkwijk S, Best BM, Colbers A, Wang J, Capparelli EV, Molto J, Stek AM, Taylor G, Smith E, Hidalgo Tenorio C, Chakhtoura N, van Kasteren M, Fletcher CV, Mirochnick M, Burger D. Etravirine Pharmacokinetics in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women. Front Pharmacol. 2016 Aug 4;7:239. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00239. eCollection 2016.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27540363 (View on PubMed)

Mulligan N, Best BM, Wang J, Capparelli EV, Stek A, Barr E, Buschur SL, Acosta EP, Smith E, Chakhtoura N, Burchett S, Mirochnick M; IMPAACT P1026s Protocol Team. Dolutegravir pharmacokinetics in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV. AIDS. 2018 Mar 27;32(6):729-737. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001755.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29369162 (View on PubMed)

Schalkwijk S, Ter Heine R, Colbers AC, Huitema ADR, Denti P, Dooley KE, Capparelli E, Best BM, Cressey TR, Greupink R, Russel FGM, Mirochnick M, Burger DM. A Mechanism-Based Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis Assessing the Feasibility of Efavirenz Dose Reduction to 400 mg in Pregnant Women. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018 Nov;57(11):1421-1433. doi: 10.1007/s40262-018-0642-9.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29520730 (View on PubMed)

Eke AC, Chakhtoura N, Kashuba A, Best BM, Sykes C, Wang J, Stek AM, Smith E, Calabrese S, Capparelli EV, Mirochnick M; IMPAACT P1026s Protocol Team. Rilpivirine Plasma and Cervicovaginal Concentrations in Women During Pregnancy and Postpartum. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018 Jul 1;78(3):308-313. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001677.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29528944 (View on PubMed)

Momper JD, Best BM, Wang J, Capparelli EV, Stek A, Barr E, Badell ML, Acosta EP, Purswani M, Smith E, Chakhtoura N, Park K, Burchett S, Shapiro DE, Mirochnick M; IMPAACT P1026s Protocol Team. Elvitegravir/cobicistat pharmacokinetics in pregnant and postpartum women with HIV. AIDS. 2018 Nov 13;32(17):2507-2516. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001992.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30134297 (View on PubMed)

Eke AC, McCormack SA, Best BM, Stek AM, Wang J, Kreitchmann R, Shapiro D, Smith E, Mofenson LM, Capparelli EV, Mirochnick M; IMPAACT P1026s Protocol Team. Pharmacokinetics of Increased Nelfinavir Plasma Concentrations in Women During Pregnancy and Postpartum. J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Mar;59(3):386-393. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1331. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30358179 (View on PubMed)

Kreitchmann R, Schalkwijk S, Best B, Wang J, Colbers A, Stek A, Shapiro D, Cressey T, Mirochnick M, Burger D. Efavirenz pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and infant washout. Antivir Ther. 2019;24(2):95-103. doi: 10.3851/IMP3283.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30530925 (View on PubMed)

Schalkwijk S, Ter Heine R, Colbers A, Capparelli E, Best BM, Cressey TR, Greupink R, Russel FGM, Molto J, Mirochnick M, Karlsson MO, Burger DM. Evaluating darunavir/ritonavir dosing regimens for HIV-positive pregnant women using semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic modelling. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019 May 1;74(5):1348-1356. doi: 10.1093/jac/dky567.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30715324 (View on PubMed)

Liu XI, Momper JD, Rakhmanina N, van den Anker JN, Green DJ, Burckart GJ, Best BM, Mirochnick M, Capparelli EV, Dallmann A. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Predict Maternal Pharmacokinetics and Fetal Exposure to Emtricitabine and Acyclovir. J Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Feb;60(2):240-255. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1515. Epub 2019 Sep 6.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 31489678 (View on PubMed)

Eke AC, Wang J, Amin K, Shapiro DE, Stek A, Smith E, Chakhtoura N, Basar M, George K, Knapp KM, Joao EC, Rungruengthanakit K, Capparelli E, Burchett S, Mirochnick M, Best BM; P1026s Protocol Team. Fosamprenavir with Ritonavir Pharmacokinetics during Pregnancy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Mar 24;64(4):e02260-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02260-19. Print 2020 Mar 24.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 32015036 (View on PubMed)

Liu XI, Momper JD, Rakhmanina NY, Green DJ, Burckart GJ, Cressey TR, Mirochnick M, Best BM, van den Anker JN, Dallmann A. Prediction of Maternal and Fetal Pharmacokinetics of Dolutegravir and Raltegravir Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2020 Nov;59(11):1433-1450. doi: 10.1007/s40262-020-00897-9.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 32451908 (View on PubMed)

Brooks KM, Momper JD, Pinilla M, Stek AM, Barr E, Weinberg A, Deville JG, Febo IL, Cielo M, George K, Denson K, Rungruengthanakit K, Shapiro DE, Smith E, Chakhtoura N, Rooney JF, Haubrich R, Espina R, Capparelli EV, Mirochnick M, Best BM; IMPAACT P1026s Protocol Team. Pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide with and without cobicistat in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV. AIDS. 2021 Mar 1;35(3):407-417. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002767.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33252495 (View on PubMed)

Eke AC, Shoji K, Best BM, Momper JD, Stek AM, Cressey TR, Mirochnick M, Capparelli EV. Population Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2021 Feb 17;65(3):e02168-20. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02168-20. Print 2021 Feb 17.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33318014 (View on PubMed)

Momper JD, Wang J, Stek A, Shapiro DE, Scott GB, Paul ME, Febo IL, Burchett S, Smith E, Chakhtoura N, Denson K, Rungruengthanakit K, George K, Yang DZ, Capparelli EV, Mirochnick M, Best BM; IMPAACT P1026s Protocol Team. Pharmacokinetics of darunavir and cobicistat in pregnant and postpartum women with HIV. AIDS. 2021 Jul 1;35(8):1191-1199. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002857.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 34076612 (View on PubMed)

Momper JD, Wang J, Stek A, Shapiro DE, Powis KM, Paul ME, Badell ML, Browning R, Chakhtoura N, Denson K, Rungruengthanakit K, George K, Capparelli EV, Mirochnick M, Best BM; IMPAACT P1026s Protocol Team. Pharmacokinetics of Atazanavir Boosted With Cobicistat in Pregnant and Postpartum Women With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2022 Mar 1;89(3):303-309. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002856.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34732682 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.

Document Type: Study Protocol: P1026s Protocol Version 10.0_02Feb2016

View Document

Document Type: Study Protocol: P1026s Protocol Version 10.0_Letter of Amendment 1_14Dec2016

View Document

Document Type: Study Protocol: P1026s Protocol Version 10.0_Letter of Amendment 2_13Apr2018

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan: PK SAP

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan: Primary SAP

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

https://rsc.niaid.nih.gov/clinical-research-sites/daids-adverse-event-grading-tables

Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (Corrected Version 2.1 - July 2017)

http://rsc.niaid.nih.gov/clinical-research-sites/manual-expedited-reporting-adverse-events-daids

Manual for Expedited Reporting of Adverse Events to DAIDS (DAIDS EAE Manual), Version 2.0, January 2010

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

P1026s

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

10040

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

IMPAACT P1026s

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.