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NCT00038727

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study

Last Updated: 2021-12-28

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

2779 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2002-09-30

Study Completion Date

2025-01-31

Brief Summary

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The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a multi-center trial examining the ability of an intensive lifestyle or metformin to prevent or delay the development of diabetes in a high risk population due to the presence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, 2 hour glucose of 140-199 mg/dl). The DPP has ended early demonstrating that lifestyle reduced diabetes onset by 58% and metformin reduced diabetes onset by 31%.

DPPOS (2002-2013) is designed to take advantage of the scientifically and clinically valuable DPP participants. This group of participants is nearly 50% minority and represents the largest at risk population ever studied. Clinically important research questions remain that focus on 1) durability of the prior DPP intervention, 2) determination of the clinical course of precisely known new onset diabetes, in particular regarding microvascular disease, CVD risk factors and atherosclerosis, 3) close examination of these topics in men vs women and in minority populations.

The major aims of DPPOS-3 (2014-2025) take advantage of the long-term randomized exposure of the study cohort to metformin and the aging of the DPPOS cohort. The metformin exposure and high degree of study retention and adherence (\~85% of the DPPOS cohort continues to attend annual and mid-year visits) allows DPPOS-3 to examine the long-term effects of metformin on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer outcomes, outcomes of great clinical interest and import.

Detailed Description

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The current DPPOS Executive Summary and protocol, as well as DPPOS protocol and lifestyle manuals and publications are available at: http://www.dppos.org

Conditions

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Diabetes Mellitus Cancer CVD

Keywords

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DPP IGT Prediabetes Type 2 diabetes Macrovascular disease Microvascular disease Lifestyle Metformin Obesity

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Open label phase for metformin

Study Groups

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1 Original Lifestyle

randomized to unmasked Intensive Lifestyle during the DPP and offered Intensive Lifestyle Group Session, DPPOS Group Lifestyle plus DPPOS Boost Lifestyle sessions in DPPOS Phase 1 and 2

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

DPPOS Group Lifestyle

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Quarterly group lifestyle sessions

DPPOS Boost Lifestyle

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In addition to quarterly group, 2 additional classes per year and an annual 15 minute check-up.

Intensive Lifestyle Group Session

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

16 session curriculum in group format. In DPP delivered to ILS as individual sessions

2 Original Metformin

randomized to the masked metformin treatment group during DPP and continued open label in DPPOS. Participants were also offered Intensive Lifestyle Group Session, DPPOS Group Lifestyle in DPPOS Phase 1 and 2.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

DPPOS Group Lifestyle

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Quarterly group lifestyle sessions

Metformin

Intervention Type DRUG

Administered as 850mg twice per day, masked in DPP and open label in DPPOS

Intensive Lifestyle Group Session

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

16 session curriculum in group format. In DPP delivered to ILS as individual sessions

3 Original Placebo

randomized to masked placebo during DPP and offered Intensive Lifestyle Group Session, DPPOS Group Lifestyle in DPPOS Phase 1 and 2

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

DPPOS Group Lifestyle

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Quarterly group lifestyle sessions

Intensive Lifestyle Group Session

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

16 session curriculum in group format. In DPP delivered to ILS as individual sessions

Interventions

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DPPOS Group Lifestyle

Quarterly group lifestyle sessions

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Metformin

Administered as 850mg twice per day, masked in DPP and open label in DPPOS

Intervention Type DRUG

DPPOS Boost Lifestyle

In addition to quarterly group, 2 additional classes per year and an annual 15 minute check-up.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Intensive Lifestyle Group Session

16 session curriculum in group format. In DPP delivered to ILS as individual sessions

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

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Glucophage Intensive lifestyle session (ILS)

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Participation as a volunteer in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).

Minimum Eligible Age

25 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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David M. Nathan, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Massachusetts General Hospital

Marinella Temprosa, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

George Washington University Biostatistics Center

Barbara Linder, MD, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

NIDDK Project Scientist

Kishore Gadde, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Pennington Biomedical Research Center

David Ehrmann, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Chicago

Kevin Furlong, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University

Kathleen Jablonski, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

George Washington University Biostatistics Center

Ronald B Goldberg, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Miami

Helen P Hazuda, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

Dana Dabelea, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Colorado, Denver

Medha Munshi, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Joslin Diabetes Center

Steven Kahn, MB, ChB

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Washington

Samuel Dagogo-Jack, MD, MB

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Tennessee

Mark Molitch, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Northwestern University

Happy Araneta, PhD,MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of California, San Diego

F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Columbia University

Kieren J Mather, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Indiana University

Michelle Magee, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Medstar Health Research Institute

Karol E Watson, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of California, Los Angeles

Angela Brown, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Washington University School of Medicine

Sherita Hill Golden, MD, MHS

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

David S Schade, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

The University of New Mexico

Jill Crandall, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Elizabeth Venditti, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Pittsburgh

Marjerie Mau, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Hawaii

William Knowler, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

SW Indian Center, NIDDK

Santica M Marcovina, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Washington

David M Nathan, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Massachusetts General Hospital

Christine Lee, MD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

NIDDK Project Scientist

Sunder Mudaliar, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of California, San Diego

Locations

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George Washington University

Rockville, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):393-403. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012512.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 11832527 (View on PubMed)

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group; Knowler WC, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Christophi CA, Hoffman HJ, Brenneman AT, Brown-Friday JO, Goldberg R, Venditti E, Nathan DM. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet. 2009 Nov 14;374(9702):1677-86. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61457-4. Epub 2009 Oct 29.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 19878986 (View on PubMed)

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Nov;3(11):866-75. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00291-0. Epub 2015 Sep 13.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 26377054 (View on PubMed)

Tjaden AH, Goldbaum AA, Edelstein SL, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Reedy J, Herman WH, Hoskin M, Knowler WC, Schlogl M, Temple KA, Venditti EM, Watson K, Temprosa M, Shams-White MM; DPP Research Group. The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Score and Cancer Risk: results from the diabetes prevention program outcomes study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025 Sep;122(3):715-723. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.011. Epub 2025 Jul 15.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 40675492 (View on PubMed)

Knowler WC, Doherty L, Edelstein SL, Bennett PH, Dabelea D, Hoskin M, Kahn SE, Kalyani RR, Kim C, Pi-Sunyer FX, Raghavan S, Shah VO, Temprosa M, Venditti EM, Nathan DM; DPP/DPPOS Research Group. Long-term effects and effect heterogeneity of lifestyle and metformin interventions on type 2 diabetes incidence over 21 years in the US Diabetes Prevention Program randomised clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025 Jun;13(6):469-481. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00022-1. Epub 2025 Apr 28.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 40311647 (View on PubMed)

Munshi MN, Venditti EM, Tjaden AH, Knowler WC, Boyko EJ, Middelbeek RJW, Luchsinger JA, Lee CG, Hazuda HP, Salive ME, Edelstein SL, Storer TW. Long-term impact of Diabetes Prevention Program interventions on walking endurance. Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 18;12:1470035. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1470035. eCollection 2024.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 39744353 (View on PubMed)

Gadde KM, Yin X, Goldberg RB, Orchard TJ, Schlogl M, Dabelea D, Ibebuogu UN, Watson KE, Pi-Sunyer FX, Crandall JP, Temprosa M, Luchsinger JA; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Coronary Artery Calcium and Cognitive Decline in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Nov 7;12(21):e029671. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.029671. Epub 2023 Nov 6.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 37929764 (View on PubMed)

Molitch ME, Tripputi M, Levey AS, Crandall JP, Dabelea D, Herman WH, Knowler WC, Orchard TJ, Schroeder EB, Srikanthan P, Temprosa M, White NH, Nathan DM; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Electronic address: [email protected]. Effects of metformin and intensive lifestyle interventions on the incidence of kidney disease in adults in the DPP/DPPOS. J Diabetes Complications. 2023 Sep;37(9):108556. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108556. Epub 2023 Jul 25.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 37607422 (View on PubMed)

Shams-White MM, Tjaden AH, Edelstein SL, Bassiouni S, Kahle LL, Kim C, Pi-Sunyer X, Temple KA, Venditti EM, Reedy J, Heckman-Stoddard BM; DPP Research Group. The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) score and diabetes risk in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS). BMC Nutr. 2022 Sep 21;8(1):105. doi: 10.1186/s40795-022-00596-7.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 36131333 (View on PubMed)

Goldberg RB, Orchard TJ, Crandall JP, Boyko EJ, Budoff M, Dabelea D, Gadde KM, Knowler WC, Lee CG, Nathan DM, Watson K, Temprosa M; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group*. Effects of Long-term Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Events in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study. Circulation. 2022 May 31;145(22):1632-1641. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056756. Epub 2022 May 23.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 35603600 (View on PubMed)

Lee CG, Heckman-Stoddard B, Dabelea D, Gadde KM, Ehrmann D, Ford L, Prorok P, Boyko EJ, Pi-Sunyer X, Wallia A, Knowler WC, Crandall JP, Temprosa M; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group:. Effect of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Diabetes Care. 2021 Dec;44(12):2775-2782. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1046. Epub 2021 Oct 25.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 34697033 (View on PubMed)

Varga TV, Liu J, Goldberg RB, Chen G, Dagogo-Jack S, Lorenzo C, Mather KJ, Pi-Sunyer X, Brunak S, Temprosa M; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Predictive utilities of lipid traits, lipoprotein subfractions and other risk factors for incident diabetes: a machine learning approach in the Diabetes Prevention Program. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2021 Mar;9(1):e001953. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001953.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 33789908 (View on PubMed)

Kriska AM, Rockette-Wagner B, Edelstein SL, Bray GA, Delahanty LM, Hoskin MA, Horton ES, Venditti EM, Knowler WC; DPP Research Group. The Impact of Physical Activity on the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence and Lessons Learned From the Diabetes Prevention Program, a Long-Standing Clinical Trial Incorporating Subjective and Objective Activity Measures. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(1):43-49. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1129. Epub 2020 Nov 10.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 33444158 (View on PubMed)

Hazuda HP, Pan Q, Florez H, Luchsinger JA, Crandall JP, Venditti EM, Golden SH, Kriska AM, Bray GA. Association of Intensive Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions With Frailty in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021 Apr 30;76(5):929-936. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa295.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 33428709 (View on PubMed)

Kim C, Younes N, Temprosa M, Edelstein S, Goldberg RB, Araneta MG, Wallia A, Brown A, Darwin C, Ibebuogu U, Pi-Sunyer X, Knowler WC. Infertility, Gravidity, and Risk Of Diabetes among High-Risk Women in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Mar 1;105(3):e358-67. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa013.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 31955207 (View on PubMed)

Perreault L, Pan Q, Schroeder EB, Kalyani RR, Bray GA, Dagogo-Jack S, White NH, Goldberg RB, Kahn SE, Knowler WC, Mathioudakis N, Dabelea D; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Regression From Prediabetes to Normal Glucose Regulation and Prevalence of Microvascular Disease in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS). Diabetes Care. 2019 Sep;42(9):1809-1815. doi: 10.2337/dc19-0244. Epub 2019 Jul 18.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 31320445 (View on PubMed)

Cardenas A, Hivert MF, Gold DR, Hauser R, Kleinman KP, Lin PD, Fleisch AF, Calafat AM, Ye X, Webster TF, Horton ES, Oken E. Associations of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances With Incident Diabetes and Microvascular Disease. Diabetes Care. 2019 Sep;42(9):1824-1832. doi: 10.2337/dc18-2254. Epub 2019 Jul 11.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 31296647 (View on PubMed)

Apolzan JW, Venditti EM, Edelstein SL, Knowler WC, Dabelea D, Boyko EJ, Pi-Sunyer X, Kalyani RR, Franks PW, Srikanthan P, Gadde KM; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-Term Weight Loss With Metformin or Lifestyle Intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 May 21;170(10):682-690. doi: 10.7326/M18-1605. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 31009939 (View on PubMed)

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term Effects of Metformin on Diabetes Prevention: Identification of Subgroups That Benefited Most in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Diabetes Care. 2019 Apr;42(4):601-608. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1970.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 30877090 (View on PubMed)

Cardenas A, Hauser R, Gold DR, Kleinman KP, Hivert MF, Fleisch AF, Lin PD, Calafat AM, Webster TF, Horton ES, Oken E. Association of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances With Adiposity. JAMA Netw Open. 2018 Aug 3;1(4):e181493. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1493.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 30646133 (View on PubMed)

Kim C, Ricardo AC, Boyko EJ, Christophi CA, Temprosa M, Watson KE, Pi-Sunyer X, Kalyani RR; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Sex Hormones and Measures of Kidney Function in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Apr 1;104(4):1171-1180. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-01495.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 30398516 (View on PubMed)

DeBoer MD, Filipp SL, Gurka MJ. Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity Z Score to Track Risk During Treatment of Prediabetes: An Analysis of the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care. 2018 Nov;41(11):2421-2430. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1079. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 30275282 (View on PubMed)

Kim C, Aroda VR, Goldberg RB, Younes N, Edelstein SL, Carrion-Petersen M, Ehrmann DA; Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study Group. Androgens, Irregular Menses, and Risk of Diabetes and Coronary Artery Calcification in the Diabetes Prevention Program. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Feb 1;103(2):486-496. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-01829.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 29220533 (View on PubMed)

Crandall JP, Mather K, Rajpathak SN, Goldberg RB, Watson K, Foo S, Ratner R, Barrett-Connor E, Temprosa M. Statin use and risk of developing diabetes: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017 Oct 10;5(1):e000438. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000438. eCollection 2017.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 29081977 (View on PubMed)

Perreault L, Pan Q, Aroda VR, Barrett-Connor E, Dabelea D, Dagogo-Jack S, Hamman RF, Kahn SE, Mather KJ, Knowler WC; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Exploring residual risk for diabetes and microvascular disease in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS). Diabet Med. 2017 Dec;34(12):1747-1755. doi: 10.1111/dme.13453. Epub 2017 Sep 19.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 28833481 (View on PubMed)

Aroda VR, Knowler WC, Crandall JP, Perreault L, Edelstein SL, Jeffries SL, Molitch ME, Pi-Sunyer X, Darwin C, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Temprosa M, Kahn SE, Nathan DM; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Metformin for diabetes prevention: insights gained from the Diabetes Prevention Program/Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Diabetologia. 2017 Sep;60(9):1601-1611. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4361-9. Epub 2017 Aug 2.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 28770322 (View on PubMed)

Herman WH. The cost-effectiveness of diabetes prevention: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program and the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Sep 2;1:9. doi: 10.1186/s40842-015-0009-1. eCollection 2015.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 28702228 (View on PubMed)

Kim C, Dabelea D, Kalyani RR, Christophi CA, Bray GA, Pi-Sunyer X, Darwin CH, Yalamanchi S, Barrett-Connor E, Golden SH, Boyko EJ. Changes in Visceral Adiposity, Subcutaneous Adiposity, and Sex Hormones in the Diabetes Prevention Program. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Sep 1;102(9):3381-3389. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-00967.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 28651370 (View on PubMed)

Luchsinger JA, Ma Y, Christophi CA, Florez H, Golden SH, Hazuda H, Crandall J, Venditti E, Watson K, Jeffries S, Manly JJ, Pi-Sunyer FX; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Diabetes Care. 2017 Jul;40(7):958-965. doi: 10.2337/dc16-2376. Epub 2017 May 12.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 28500216 (View on PubMed)

Goldberg RB, Aroda VR, Bluemke DA, Barrett-Connor E, Budoff M, Crandall JP, Dabelea D, Horton ES, Mather KJ, Orchard TJ, Schade D, Watson K, Temprosa M; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Effect of Long-Term Metformin and Lifestyle in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study on Coronary Artery Calcium. Circulation. 2017 Jul 4;136(1):52-64. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025483. Epub 2017 May 5.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 28476766 (View on PubMed)

Aroda VR, Edelstein SL, Goldberg RB, Knowler WC, Marcovina SM, Orchard TJ, Bray GA, Schade DS, Temprosa MG, White NH, Crandall JP; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term Metformin Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Apr;101(4):1754-61. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3754. Epub 2016 Feb 22.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 26900641 (View on PubMed)

Marrero DG, Ma Y, de Groot M, Horton ES, Price DW, Barrett-Connor E, Carnethon MR, Knowler WC; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study. Psychosom Med. 2015 Apr;77(3):303-10. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000156.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 25775165 (View on PubMed)

Aroda VR, Christophi CA, Edelstein SL, Zhang P, Herman WH, Barrett-Connor E, Delahanty LM, Montez MG, Ackermann RT, Zhuo X, Knowler WC, Ratner RE; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Apr;100(4):1646-53. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-3761. Epub 2015 Feb 23.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 25706240 (View on PubMed)

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes and as an outcome in the diabetes prevention program: a randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2015 Jan;38(1):51-8. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0886. Epub 2014 Oct 21.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 25336746 (View on PubMed)

Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Research Group; Hamman RF, Horton E, Barrett-Connor E, Bray GA, Christophi CA, Crandall J, Florez JC, Fowler S, Goldberg R, Kahn SE, Knowler WC, Lachin JM, Murphy MB, Venditti E. Factors affecting the decline in incidence of diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS). Diabetes. 2015 Mar;64(3):989-98. doi: 10.2337/db14-0333. Epub 2014 Oct 2.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 25277389 (View on PubMed)

Dabelea D, Ma Y, Knowler WC, Marcovina S, Saudek CD, Arakaki R, White NH, Kahn SE, Orchard TJ, Goldberg R, Palmer J, Hamman RF; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Diabetes autoantibodies do not predict progression to diabetes in adults: the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabet Med. 2014 Sep;31(9):1064-8. doi: 10.1111/dme.12437. Epub 2014 Apr 9.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 24646311 (View on PubMed)

Marrero D, Pan Q, Barrett-Connor E, de Groot M, Zhang P, Percy C, Florez H, Ackermann R, Montez M, Rubin RR; DPPOS Research Group. Impact of diagnosis of diabetes on health-related quality of life among high risk individuals: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study. Qual Life Res. 2014 Feb;23(1):75-88. doi: 10.1007/s11136-013-0436-3. Epub 2013 May 26.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 23709097 (View on PubMed)

Price DW, Ma Y, Rubin RR, Perreault L, Bray GA, Marrero D, Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Lacoursiere DY; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Depression as a predictor of weight regain among successful weight losers in the diabetes prevention program. Diabetes Care. 2013 Feb;36(2):216-21. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0293. Epub 2012 Sep 21.

Reference Type DERIVED

PMID: 23002085 (View on PubMed)