Treatment of SSRI-Resistant Depression In Adolescents (TORDIA)

NCT ID: NCT00018902

Last Updated: 2014-03-12

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE2/PHASE3

Total Enrollment

334 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2001-01-31

Study Completion Date

2007-03-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of the study is to determine how best to treat adolescents with depression that is "resistant" to the first SSRI antidepressant they have tried. Participants receive one of three other antidepressant medications, either alone or in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy.

Detailed Description

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The TORDIA study aims to develop useful clinical guidelines for the care and management of adolescent depression. Adolescents ages 12 to 18, currently taking a prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and still experiencing depression, participate in a 12-week randomized treatment study that includes one of four conditions: (1) switching to an alternative SSRI, (2) switching to a different non-SSRI antidepressant, (3) switching to an alternative SSRI and receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), or (4) switching to a different non-SSRI antidepressant and receiving CBT. This is a double-blind study, which means that neither the participant nor the clinical staff will know which of the three possible medications has been assigned. Participants who respond to the assigned treatment will receive 12 additional weeks of the same treatment. Those who do not appear to be getting better will be offered 12 weeks of an alternative, individualized treatment plan based on each participant's particular needs. All participants will receive follow-up psychiatric evaluations for 12 months after the 12-week continuation phase of the study, regardless of treatment adherence.

Conditions

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Depression

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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1

Participants whose depression does not respond to an initial SSRI will switch to an alternative SSRI.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Fluoxetine

Intervention Type DRUG

Standard anti-depressant treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine

Citalopram

Intervention Type DRUG

Standard anti-depressant treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine

2

Participants whose depression does not respond to an initial SSRI will switch to a different non-SSRI antidepressant.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Venlafaxine

Intervention Type DRUG

Standard antidepressant treatment with the non-SSRI medication venlafaxine

3

Participants whose depression does not respond to an initial SSRI will switch to an alternative SSRI and receive cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Fluoxetine

Intervention Type DRUG

Standard anti-depressant treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

CBT addresses maladaptive beliefs in order to encourage behavioral change

Citalopram

Intervention Type DRUG

Standard anti-depressant treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine

4

Participants whose depression does not respond to an initial SSRI will switch to a different non-SSRI antidepressant and receive CBT.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Venlafaxine

Intervention Type DRUG

Standard antidepressant treatment with the non-SSRI medication venlafaxine

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

CBT addresses maladaptive beliefs in order to encourage behavioral change

Interventions

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Fluoxetine

Standard anti-depressant treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine

Intervention Type DRUG

Venlafaxine

Standard antidepressant treatment with the non-SSRI medication venlafaxine

Intervention Type DRUG

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT addresses maladaptive beliefs in order to encourage behavioral change

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Citalopram

Standard anti-depressant treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Prozac Effexor XR Celexa

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* between the ages of 12 and 18 years 11 months
* currently in treatment for depression
* taking Prozac,Zoloft, Luvox, Lexapro, Celexa or Paxil (Oregon and Rhode Island sites only)
* still feeling depressed
Minimum Eligible Age

12 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Pittsburgh

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (Data Coordinating Center)

Principal Investigators

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David A. Brent, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (Data Coordinating Center)

Locations

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University of California at Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status

Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Brown University

Providence, Rhode Island, United States

Site Status

University of Texas - Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status

University of Texas Medical Branch

Galveston, Texas, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Brent DA, Holder D, Kolko D, Birmaher B, Baugher M, Roth C, Iyengar S, Johnson BA. A clinical psychotherapy trial for adolescent depression comparing cognitive, family, and supportive therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Sep;54(9):877-85. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210125017.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9294380 (View on PubMed)

Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, Kowatch RA, Hughes CW, Carmody T, Rintelmann J. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Nov;54(11):1031-7. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230069010.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9366660 (View on PubMed)

Keller MB, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Klein RG, Strober M, Wagner KD, Weller EB: Paroxetine and imipramine in the treatment of adolescent depression. New Research Program Abstracts. Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association [123], 1998.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Vitiello B, Clarke G, Keller M, Emslie GJ, Ryan N, Porta G, Iyengar S, Ritz L, Zelanzny J, Onorato M, Brent D. Out of the black box: treatment of resistant depression in adolescents and the antidepressant controversy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2012 Feb;22(1):5-10. doi: 10.1089/cap.2011.0045. Epub 2012 Jan 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22251022 (View on PubMed)

Brent D, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Keller M, Vitiello B, Ritz L, Iyengar S, Abebe K, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Kennard B, Hughes C, DeBar L, McCracken J, Strober M, Suddath R, Spirito A, Leonard H, Melhem N, Porta G, Onorato M, Zelazny J. Switching to another SSRI or to venlafaxine with or without cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with SSRI-resistant depression: the TORDIA randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008 Feb 27;299(8):901-913. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.8.901.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18314433 (View on PubMed)

Brent DA, Emslie GJ, Clarke GN, Asarnow J, Spirito A, Ritz L, Vitiello B, Iyengar S, Birmaher B, Ryan ND, Zelazny J, Onorato M, Kennard B, Mayes TL, Debar LL, McCracken JT, Strober M, Suddath R, Leonard H, Porta G, Keller MB. Predictors of spontaneous and systematically assessed suicidal adverse events in the treatment of SSRI-resistant depression in adolescents (TORDIA) study. Am J Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;166(4):418-26. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08070976. Epub 2009 Feb 17.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19223438 (View on PubMed)

Asarnow JR, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Spirito A, Vitiello B, Iyengar S, Shamseddeen W, Ritz L, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Kennard B, Mayes T, DeBar L, McCracken J, Strober M, Suddath R, Leonard H, Porta G, Keller M, Brent D. Treatment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant depression in adolescents: predictors and moderators of treatment response. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009 Mar;48(3):330-339. doi: 10.1097/chi.0b013e3181977476.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19182688 (View on PubMed)

Goldstein BI, Shamseddeen W, Spirito A, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Vitiello B, Ryan N, Birmaher B, Mayes T, Onorato M, Zelazny J, Brent DA. Substance use and the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;48(12):1182-92. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181bef6e8.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19858762 (View on PubMed)

Spirito A, Abebe KZ, Iyengar S, Brent D, Vitiello B, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow J, Emslie G, Keller M. Sources of site differences in the efficacy of a multisite clinical trial: the Treatment of SSRI-Resistant Depression in Adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Jun;77(3):439-50. doi: 10.1037/a0014834.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19485586 (View on PubMed)

Kennard BD, Clarke GN, Weersing VR, Asarnow JR, Shamseddeen W, Porta G, Berk M, Hughes JL, Spirito A, Emslie GJ, Keller MB, Wagner KD, Brent DA. Effective components of TORDIA cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent depression: preliminary findings. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Dec;77(6):1033-41. doi: 10.1037/a0017411.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19968380 (View on PubMed)

Brent D, Melhem N, Ferrell R, Emslie G, Wagner KD, Ryan N, Vitiello B, Birmaher B, Mayes T, Zelazny J, Onorato M, Devlin B, Clarke G, DeBar L, Keller M. Association of FKBP5 polymorphisms with suicidal events in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) study. Am J Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;167(2):190-7. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040576. Epub 2009 Dec 15.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20008943 (View on PubMed)

Emslie GJ, Mayes T, Porta G, Vitiello B, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Spirito A, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Kennard B, DeBar L, McCracken J, Strober M, Onorato M, Zelazny J, Keller M, Iyengar S, Brent D. Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA): week 24 outcomes. Am J Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;167(7):782-91. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09040552. Epub 2010 May 17.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20478877 (View on PubMed)

Asarnow JR, Porta G, Spirito A, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Vitiello B, Keller M, Birmaher B, McCracken J, Mayes T, Berk M, Brent DA. Suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents: findings from the TORDIA study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Aug;50(8):772-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.04.003. Epub 2011 Jun 11.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21784297 (View on PubMed)

Sakolsky DJ, Perel JM, Emslie GJ, Clarke GN, Wagner KD, Vitiello B, Keller MB, Birmaher B, Asarnow JR, Ryan ND, McCracken JT, Strober MJ, Iyengar S, Porta G, Brent DA. Antidepressant exposure as a predictor of clinical outcomes in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011 Feb;31(1):92-7. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e318204b117.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21192150 (View on PubMed)

Shamseddeen W, Asarnow JR, Clarke G, Vitiello B, Wagner KD, Birmaher B, Keller MB, Emslie G, Iyengar S, Ryan ND, McCracken JT, Porta G, Mayes T, Brent DA. Impact of physical and sexual abuse on treatment response in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescent Study (TORDIA). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Mar;50(3):293-301. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.11.019. Epub 2011 Jan 14.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21334569 (View on PubMed)

Vitiello B, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Keller MB, Birmaher B, Ryan ND, Kennard B, Mayes TL, DeBar L, Lynch F, Dickerson J, Strober M, Suddath R, McCracken JT, Spirito A, Onorato M, Zelazny J, Porta G, Iyengar S, Brent DA. Long-term outcome of adolescent depression initially resistant to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment: a follow-up study of the TORDIA sample. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Mar;72(3):388-96. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09m05885blu.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21208583 (View on PubMed)

Woldu H, Porta G, Goldstein T, Sakolsky D, Perel J, Emslie G, Mayes T, Clarke G, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Keller MB, Brent D. Pharmacokinetically and clinician-determined adherence to an antidepressant regimen and clinical outcome in the TORDIA trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 May;50(5):490-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.018. Epub 2011 Mar 9.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21515198 (View on PubMed)

Maalouf FT, Porta G, Vitiello B, Emslie G, Mayes T, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Spirito A, Keller M, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Shamseddeen W, Iyengar S, Brent D. Do sub-syndromal manic symptoms influence outcome in treatment resistant depression in adolescents? A latent class analysis from the TORDIA study. J Affect Disord. 2012 Apr;138(1-2):86-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.021. Epub 2012 Jan 30.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22284022 (View on PubMed)

Lynch FL, Dickerson JF, Clarke G, Vitiello B, Porta G, Wagner KD, Emslie G, Asarnow JR Jr, Keller MB, Birmaher B, Ryan ND, Kennard B, Mayes T, DeBar L, McCracken JT, Strober M, Suddath RL, Spirito A, Onorato M, Zelazny J, Iyengar S, Brent D. Incremental cost-effectiveness of combined therapy vs medication only for youth with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant depression: treatment of SSRI-resistant depression in adolescents trial findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011 Mar;68(3):253-62. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.9.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21383263 (View on PubMed)

Shamseddeen W, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Emslie G, Asarnow JR, Porta G, Mayes T, Keller MB, Brent DA. Treatment-resistant depressed youth show a higher response rate if treatment ends during summer school break. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Nov;50(11):1140-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.07.022. Epub 2011 Sep 9.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22024002 (View on PubMed)

Shamseddeen W, Clarke G, Keller MB, Wagner KD, Birmaher B, Emslie GJ, Ryan N, Asarnow JR, Porta G, Brent DA. Adjunctive sleep medications and depression outcome in the treatment of serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor resistant depression in adolescents study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2012 Feb;22(1):29-36. doi: 10.1089/cap.2011.0027. Epub 2012 Jan 17.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22251024 (View on PubMed)

McMakin DL, Olino TM, Porta G, Dietz LJ, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Shamseddeen W, Mayes T, Kennard B, Spirito A, Keller M, Lynch FL, Dickerson JF, Brent DA. Anhedonia predicts poorer recovery among youth with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment-resistant depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Apr;51(4):404-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.01.011. Epub 2012 Mar 3.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22449646 (View on PubMed)

Rengasamy M, Mansoor BM, Hilton R, Porta G, He J, Emslie GJ, Mayes T, Clarke GN, Wagner KD, Keller MB, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Shamseddeen W, Asarnow JR, Brent DA. The bi-directional relationship between parent-child conflict and treatment outcome in treatment-resistant adolescent depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013 Apr;52(4):370-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.01.012.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23582868 (View on PubMed)

Hilton RC, Rengasamy M, Mansoor B, He J, Mayes T, Emslie GJ, Porta G, Clarke GN, Wagner KD, Birmaher B, Keller MB, Ryan N, Shamseddeen W, Asarnow JR, Brent DA. Impact of treatments for depression on comorbid anxiety, attentional, and behavioral symptoms in adolescents with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013 May;52(5):482-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.02.013. Epub 2013 Apr 4.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23622849 (View on PubMed)

Mansoor B, Rengasamy M, Hilton R, Porta G, He J, Spirito A, Emslie GJ, Mayes TL, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Shamseddeen W, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Brent D. The bidirectional relationship between body mass index and treatment outcome in adolescents with treatment-resistant depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2013 Sep;23(7):458-67. doi: 10.1089/cap.2012.0095. Epub 2013 Sep 11.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24024532 (View on PubMed)

Perloe A, Esposito-Smythers C, Curby TW, Renshaw KD. Concurrent trajectories of change in adolescent and maternal depressive symptoms in the TORDIA study. J Youth Adolesc. 2014 Apr;43(4):612-28. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-9999-0. Epub 2013 Aug 22.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 23975354 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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Other Identifiers

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U01MH061835

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

TORDIA

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

DSIR B4-ARD

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

MH61835

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

U01MH061835

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: org_study_id

View Link

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