Diet Modification and Blood Pressure in Young People

NCT ID: NCT00005167

Last Updated: 2016-02-18

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 1984-07-31
• Study Completion Date: 1991-12-31

Brief Summary

To determine the effects of diet modification on blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and bone density in healthy young people.

Detailed Description

BACKGROUND:

An inadequate dietary intake of calcium has been postulated to be a factor in the development of essential hypertension, and has long been considered important in the development of osteoporosis among women. Furthermore, animal experiments and limited studies in humans suggest that an increase in the intake of calcium may also have a beneficial effect on blood cholesterol levels. Despite limitations in the research data supporting its benefits, increased calcium intake is being widely advocated to the public and calcium-enriched products are being increasingly purchased and consumed by Americans. The study measured the effects of a modest increase in calcium intake, such as that currently advocated to the general public.

Previous work in the study measured the effects on blood pressures of variations in the dietary intake of sodium and linoleic acid in adolescents at the two New England boarding schools of Phillips Exeter Academy and Phillips Andover Academy. During the first year, dining room food at one school was prepared with 50 percent less sodium; total intake of sodium by students including dining hall food, outside food and snacks was reduced by approximately 35 percent. The other school served as the control. During the second year, the intervention took place at the second school. During the third and fourth years, sodium intake was kept at usual levels while changes were made in food preparation to double the polyunsaturated fatty acid intake from four percent to eight percent of dietary calories. Food diaries, duplicate food samples, and 24-hour urine collections by approximately 200 students at each school were used to monitor dietary modification and student compliance. Weekly blood pressure measurements were performed on the 200 students at each school.

DESIGN NARRATIVE:

A number of food products were modified to increase the dietary intake of calcium by an average of 500 mg/day. Calcium-enriched foods were served alternately for one school year at each of two colleges. Similar products without added calcium were served during the alternate year. It was postulated that, at the end of the school year, students at the intervention school would have lower systolic blood pressure, lower blood cholesterol, and increased bone density than students at the control school.

The study completion date listed in this record was obtained from the "End Date" entered in the Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) record.

Conditions

Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

No eligibility criteria

• Maximum Eligible Age: 100 Years
• Eligible Sex: MALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

NIH

Sponsor Role: lead

References

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Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 6475924 (View on PubMed)

Witschi JC, Ellison RC, Doane DD, Vorkink GL, Slack WV, Stare FJ. Dietary sodium reduction among students: feasibility and acceptance. J Am Diet Assoc. 1985 Jul;85(7):816-21.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 4008832 (View on PubMed)

Goldberg RJ, Ellison RC, Dalen JE. Uses of the case-control and cohort epidemiological approaches in cardiology practice and research. Int J Cardiol. 1985 Apr;7(4):439-46. doi: 10.1016/0167-5273(85)90102-0. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 3988380 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 4034281 (View on PubMed)

Ellison RC, Cohn PF: Prevention of Coronary Atherosclerosis. In: Diagnosis and Therapy of Coronary Artery Disease, Second Edition. Boston, Martinus Nijoff, p 283-303, 1985

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Capper AL, Witschi J: Schools in the Fire: How to Improve Children's Dietary Habits. Food Management, December, 1986

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Ellison RC: Dangers of Screening for Hyperlipidemia in Children (Letter to the Editor). N Engl J Med, 314:1579-1580, 1986

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Witschi JC, Capper AL, Hosmer DW Jr, Ellison RC. Sources of sodium, potassium, and energy in the diets of adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc. 1987 Dec;87(12):1651-5.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 3680823 (View on PubMed)

Capper AL, Doane DD: Can a Reduced Sodium Diet Prevent Hypertension? J Nat Assoc College Auxiliary Services, August:47-49, 1987

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Korn L, Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S: The Performance of Goodness of Fit Tests for Logistic Regression With Discrete Covariates. Biometrical Journal (in press), 0000

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Capper AL, Doane DD: Dining Hall Employees Contribute to Science. College Services Administration (in press), 0000

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Ellison RC. Give diet a chance in lowering cholesterol levels. Arch Intern Med. 1988 May;148(5):1017-9. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 3365070 (View on PubMed)

Ellison RC, Capper AL, Goldberg RJ, Witschi JC, Stare FJ. The environmental component: changing school food service to promote cardiovascular health. Health Educ Q. 1989 Summer;16(2):285-97. doi: 10.1177/109019818901600211.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 2732069 (View on PubMed)

Ellison RC, Capper AL, Stephenson WP, Goldberg RJ, Hosmer DW Jr, Humphrey KF, Ockene JK, Gamble WJ, Witschi JC, Stare FJ. Effects on blood pressure of a decrease in sodium use in institutional food preparation: the Exeter-Andover Project. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42(3):201-8. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(89)90056-5.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 2709080 (View on PubMed)

Ellison RC, Goldberg RJ, Witschi JC, Capper AL, Puleo EM, Stare FJ. Use of fat-modified food products to change dietary fat intake of young people. Am J Public Health. 1990 Nov;80(11):1374-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.80.11.1374.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 2240309 (View on PubMed)

Capper AL, Witschi JC: Reduced Salt in School Food - Can it Work? J Nat Assoc College Food Services (in press), 0000

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Goldberg RJ, Ellison RC, Hosmer DW Jr, Capper AL, Puleo E, Gamble WJ, Witschi J. Effects of alterations in fatty acid intake on the blood pressure of adolescents: the Exeter-Andover Project. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jul;56(1):71-6. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/56.1.71.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 1609765 (View on PubMed)

Witschi JC, Capper AL, Ellison RC. Sources of fat, fatty acids, and cholesterol in the diets of adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc. 1990 Oct;90(10):1429-31. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 2212428 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

R01HL032821

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

1041

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id