Combination Chemotherapy Plus Surgery and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Ewing's Sarcoma

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

1992-07-31

Brief Summary

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RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. Combining more than one drug with surgery and radiation therapy may kill more tumor cells. It is not yet known which combination chemotherapy regimen is most effective in treating patients with Ewing's sarcoma.

PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare various combination chemotherapy regimens plus surgery and radiation therapy in treating patients who have Ewing's sarcoma.

Detailed Description

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OBJECTIVES: I. Determine whether morbidity can be reduced while preserving survival by substituting cyclophosphamide for ifosfamide in adjuvant combination chemotherapy in standard-risk patients with Ewing's sarcoma or peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). II. Determine whether survival is improved without unacceptable toxicity for high-risk patients with Ewing's sarcoma or PNET by the addition of etoposide to the VAIA regimen (vincristine/doxorubicin/ifosfamide/dactinomycin). III. Evaluate the impact of surgery and conventional vs. hyperfractionated radiotherapy (definitive and adjuvant) on local control, overall survival, and morbidity in these patients. IV. Relate treatment outcome with patient characteristics, histologic subtype at diagnosis, and histologic response to neoadjuvant treatment. V. Evaluate prospectively ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

OUTLINE: Randomized study. Patients are initially stratified as STANDARD RISK (tumor volume at diagnosis \< 100 ml) and HIGH RISK (tumor volume at diagnosis at least 100 ml or, if \< 100 ml, metastasis present). All patients receive 14 courses of chemotherapy, administered q 3 weeks throughout protocol treatment. Standard-risk patients receive 4 courses of NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY on Regimen A, while high-risk patients are randomized on Arms I and II for 4 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. LOCAL THERAPY is usually initiated on week 12, after 4 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and consists of either total removal of the tumor-bearing compartment, intracompartmental surgery (with or without adjuvant radiotherapy), or definitive radiotherapy alone; the choice is dictated by the site, tumor size, and patient age, among other variables. Postoperatively, all patients receive 10 courses of ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY (plus adjuvant radiotherapy when given); standard-risk patients are randomized on Arms III and IV, while high-risk patients receive the same regimen to which they were assigned at initial randomization. When given, adjuvant radiotherapy begins on week 19 and is administered concurrently with chemotherapy. As a variant of this general plan, patients with \< 50% regression of the soft tissue component of their tumors at restaging after 2 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (slow response) may receive preoperative irradiation, beginning on week 7, concomitantly with the third and fourth courses of chemotherapy. The following acronyms are used: CTX Cyclophosphamide, NSC-26271 DACT Dactinomycin, NSC-3053 DOX Doxorubicin, NSC-123127 IFF Ifosfamide, NSC-109724 Mesna Mercaptoethane sulfonate, NSC-113891 VCR Vincristine, NSC-67574 VP-16 Etoposide, NSC-141540 NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY. Regimen A (Standard risk): Alternating 3-Drug Combination Chemotherapy Regimens. VAIA: VCR/DOX/IFF alternating with VCR/DACT/IFF. Arm I (High risk): Alternating 3-Drug Combination Chemotherapy Regimens. VAIA: VCR/DOX/IFF alternating with VCR/DACT/IFF. Arm II (High-risk): Alternating 4-Drug Combination Chemotherapy Regimens. EVAIA: VP-16/VCR/DOX/IFF alternating with VP-16/VCR/DACT/IFF. LOCAL THERAPY. Surgery: Resection of entire tumor-bearing compartment, including bone and soft tissue, when possible, is the treatment of choice. The range of possible surgical procedures includes: radical resection (e.g., amputation), wide resection (en bloc removal of the entire tumor-bearing compartment), marginal surgery (en bloc removal, but resection line runs through pseudocapsule and microscopic residual disease is likely), intralesional resection (tumor incised with contamination of surgical field), and no resection. Radiotherapy: There are 3 settings in which radiotherapy is delivered in these patients: as definitive treatment when definitive surgery is not feasible, as postoperative adjuvant treatment, and preoperatively in patients with a slow response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who are to receive definitive and postoperative adjuvant treatment are randomized between conventional fractionation and hyperfractionated accelerated split-course delivery; individuals receiving preoperative irradiation are not randomized for radiotherapy schedule but are assigned nonrandomly to receive the hyperfractionated accelerated split-course scheme (conventional fractionation requires that DOX and DACT be eliminated from concomitant chemotherapy, whereas these agents can be continued during the hyperfractionated schedule). Individual institutions may elect not to randomize for the radiotherapy fractionation scheme, i.e., to treat all patients on one schedule or the other; in such institutions, all patients must follow the same scheme, decided upon prior to treatment of the first patient. Use of photons with energies of 4-6 MV (including Co60) is recommended for extremity lesions, and 6-15 MV energies are recommended for trunk lesions; electrons may be considered for small superficial boosts, but are not adequate as a sole modality. ADJUVANT THERAPY. Arm III (Standard risk): Alternating 3-Drug Combination Chemotherapy Regimens. VACA: VCR/DOX/CTX alternating with VCR/DACT/CTX. Arm IV (Standard risk): Alternating 3-Drug Combination Chemotherapy Regimens. VAIA: VCR/DOX/IFF alternating with VCR/DACT/IFF. High-risk patients continue with 10 additional courses of VAIA or EVAIA according to original randomization. Adjuvant Radiotherapy, when administered, begins on week 19, and is given concomitantly with chemotherapy.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: It is anticipated that 600 patients (200 standard-risk and 400 high-risk) will be accrued over 4 years.

Conditions

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Sarcoma

Keywords

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localized Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor metastatic Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor

Study Design

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Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Interventions

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dactinomycin

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

cyclophosphamide

Intervention Type DRUG

doxorubicin hydrochloride

Intervention Type DRUG

etoposide

Intervention Type DRUG

ifosfamide

Intervention Type DRUG

mesna

Intervention Type DRUG

vincristine sulfate

Intervention Type DRUG

conventional surgery

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

low-LET cobalt-60 gamma ray therapy

Intervention Type RADIATION

low-LET photon therapy

Intervention Type RADIATION

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Biopsy-proven Ewing's sarcoma, atypical Ewing's sarcoma, and peripheral neuroectodermal tumors No soft tissue Ewing's sarcoma or other small cell sarcomas of soft tissue Such patients should be treated on the appropriate national Soft Tissue Sarcoma Protocol Treatment must begin within 3 weeks after diagnostic biopsy Registration must occur within 6 weeks after initiation of treatment

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age: Not over 35

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: No prior therapy, including primary definitive local therapy

Maximum Eligible Age

35 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Principal Investigators

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Heribert F. Juergens, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University Hospital Muenster

Alan W. Craft, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust

Locations

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Royal Victoria Infirmary

Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom

Site Status

Countries

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United Kingdom

References

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Dunst J, Jurgens H, Sauer R, Pape H, Paulussen M, Winkelmann W, Rube C. Radiation therapy in Ewing's sarcoma: an update of the CESS 86 trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995 Jul 15;32(4):919-30. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(95)00016-r.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 7607966 (View on PubMed)

Nowak-Gottl U, Schaudin E, Hoffmann C, Eckhoff-Donovan S, Mertes N, Winkelmann W, Jurgens H. Intraoperative clotting factor dilution and activated hemostasis in children with Ewing's sarcoma or osteosarcoma: a prospective longitudinal study. Haematologica. 1995 Jul-Aug;80(4):311-7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 7590499 (View on PubMed)

Zoubek A, Dockhorn-Dworniczak B, Delattre O, Christiansen H, Niggli F, Gatterer-Menz I, Smith TL, Jurgens H, Gadner H, Kovar H. Does expression of different EWS chimeric transcripts define clinically distinct risk groups of Ewing tumor patients? J Clin Oncol. 1996 Apr;14(4):1245-51. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.4.1245.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 8648380 (View on PubMed)

Boos J, Krumpelmann S, Schulze-Westhoff P, Euting T, Berthold F, Jurgens H. Steady-state levels and bone marrow toxicity of etoposide in children and infants: does etoposide require age-dependent dose calculation? J Clin Oncol. 1995 Dec;13(12):2954-60. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.12.2954.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 8523060 (View on PubMed)

Dunst J, Jabar S, Paulussen M, Jurgens H. [Local therapy of Ewing sarcoma: radiotherapy aspects]. Klin Padiatr. 1994 Jul-Aug;206(4):277-81. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1046614. German.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 7967424 (View on PubMed)

Hoffmann C, Jabar S, Ahrens S, Rodl R, Rube C, Winkelmann W, Dunst J, Jurgens H. [Prognosis in Ewing sarcoma patients with initial pathological fractures of the primary tumor site]. Klin Padiatr. 1995 Jul-Aug;207(4):151-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1046532. German.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 7564145 (View on PubMed)

Nowak-Gottl U, Kehrel B, Budde U, Hoffmann C, Winkelmann W, Jurgens H. Acquired von Willebrand disease in malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Med Pediatr Oncol. 1995 Aug;25(2):117-8. doi: 10.1002/mpo.2950250213.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 7603396 (View on PubMed)

Ozaki T, Lindner N, Hoffmann C, Hillmann A, Rodl R, Blasius S, Link T, Winkelmann W, Jurgens H. Ewing's sarcoma of the ribs. A report from the cooperative Ewing's sarcoma study. Eur J Cancer. 1995 Dec;31A(13-14):2284-8. doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(95)00522-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 8652257 (View on PubMed)

Dockhorn-Dworniczak B, Schafer KL, Dantcheva R, Blasius S, Winkelmann W, Strehl S, Burdach S, van Valen F, Jurgens H, Bocker W. Diagnostic value of the molecular genetic detection of the t(11;22) translocation in Ewing's tumours. Virchows Arch. 1994;425(2):107-12. doi: 10.1007/BF00230345.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 7524975 (View on PubMed)

Jurgens HF. Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Curr Opin Oncol. 1994 Jul;6(4):391-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 7803540 (View on PubMed)

Shi LR, Eichelbauer D, Borchard F, Jurgens H, Gobel U, Schneider EM. Specificity and function of monoclonal antibodies directed against Ewing sarcoma cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1994 Mar;38(3):208-13. doi: 10.1007/BF01525643.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 8124690 (View on PubMed)

Sari N, Togral G, Cetindag MF, Gungor BS, Ilhan IE. Treatment results of the Ewing sarcoma of bone and prognostic factors. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Jan;54(1):19-24. doi: 10.1002/pbc.22278.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 19760772 (View on PubMed)

Paulussen M, Craft AW, Lewis I, Hackshaw A, Douglas C, Dunst J, Schuck A, Winkelmann W, Kohler G, Poremba C, Zoubek A, Ladenstein R, van den Berg H, Hunold A, Cassoni A, Spooner D, Grimer R, Whelan J, McTiernan A, Jurgens H; European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study-92. Results of the EICESS-92 Study: two randomized trials of Ewing's sarcoma treatment--cyclophosphamide compared with ifosfamide in standard-risk patients and assessment of benefit of etoposide added to standard treatment in high-risk patients. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 20;26(27):4385-93. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.16.5720.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 18802150 (View on PubMed)

Whelan J, Hackshaw A, McTiernan A, Grimer R, Spooner D, Bate J, Ranft A, Paulussen M, Juergens H, Craft A, Lewis I. Survival is influenced by approaches to local treatment of Ewing sarcoma within an international randomised controlled trial: analysis of EICESS-92. Clin Sarcoma Res. 2018 Mar 30;8:6. doi: 10.1186/s13569-018-0093-y. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 29610659 (View on PubMed)

Paulussen M, Craft AW, Lewis I, et al.: Ewing tumor of bone - updated report of the European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study EICESS 92. [Abstract] Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 21: A-1568, 2002.

Reference Type RESULT