A Comparison of Three Drug Combinations Containing Clarithromycin in the Treatment of Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Disease in Patients With AIDS

NCT ID: NCT00001058

Last Updated: 2021-11-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE2

Total Enrollment

246 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Completion Date

1999-01-31

Brief Summary

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To compare the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin combined with rifabutin, ethambutol, or both in the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) disease in persons with AIDS, including individuals who have or have not received prior MAC prophylaxis.

It is believed that effective therapy for MAC disease in patients with AIDS requires combinations of two or more antimycobacterial agents in order to overcome drug resistance and the unfavorable influence of the profound immunosuppression associated with AIDS. Data suggest that clarithromycin may have substantial activity in two- or three-drug combination regimens with clofazimine, rifamycin derivatives, ethambutol, or the 4-quinolones.

Detailed Description

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It is believed that effective therapy for MAC disease in patients with AIDS requires combinations of two or more antimycobacterial agents in order to overcome drug resistance and the unfavorable influence of the profound immunosuppression associated with AIDS. Data suggest that clarithromycin may have substantial activity in two- or three-drug combination regimens with clofazimine, rifamycin derivatives, ethambutol, or the 4-quinolones.

Patients are randomized to one of three treatment arms containing clarithromycin in combination with ethambutol, rifabutin, or both. Clarithromycin alone is taken on days 1 through 3 to determine tolerance and rifabutin and/or ethambutol is added on day 3. AS PER AMENDMENT 7/2/97: Patients may elect to add ritonavir or indinavir to their treatment regimen. Treatment continues daily for 48 weeks. In the absence of a dose-limiting toxicity, those patients who are determined to be complete or partial responders continue on the regimen to which they were originally assigned. Patients who have failed or relapsed on originally assigned MAC therapy, must have their therapy amended to receive clarithromycin and at least two other drugs not included in their originally assigned regimen. Patients are followed twice in the first week, then every 2 weeks for the first 2 months, then monthly for the next 4 months, and then every 2 months thereafter until the end of 12 months. PER AMENDMENT 10/10/96: NOTE: Any patient who develops a toxicity to rifabutin or ethambutol after week 12 or thereafter will be offered the option of being registered to a salvage regimen of 2 new drugs not previously received, plus clarithromycin to continue for the study duration.

Conditions

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Mycobacterium Avium-intracellulare Infection HIV Infections

Keywords

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Rifabutin Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection Drug Therapy, Combination Ethambutol Clofazimine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Ciprofloxacin Clarithromycin

Study Design

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Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Interventions

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Indinavir sulfate

Intervention Type DRUG

Ritonavir

Intervention Type DRUG

Ethambutol hydrochloride

Intervention Type DRUG

Clarithromycin

Intervention Type DRUG

Rifabutin

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Allowed:

* Antiretroviral therapy.
* Maintenance or prophylactic therapy for other opportunistic infections (with the exception of specifically excluded drugs).
* Carbamazepine or theophylline.
* Isoniazid for TB prophylaxis.

PER AMENDMENT 10/10/96:

* Therapy for acute infectious processes, other than MAC, provided that the patient is stable on the therapy.
* Fluconazole therapy for maintenance or suppression of fungal infections, providing the patient has been on a stable dose for at least 4 weeks.

PER AMENDMENT 7/02/97:

* If a patient elects to receive indinavir, ORTHO/NOVUM 1/35 is an acceptable means of birth control.

Patients must have:

* HIV infection.
* Disseminated MAC disease.
* Life expectancy of at least 8 weeks.
* Consent of parent or guardian if under 18 years of age.

NOTE:

* This protocol is approved for prisoner participation.

Prior Medication:

Allowed:

PER AMENDMENT 10/10/96:

* Therapy for acute infectious processes, other than MAC, prior to study entry.

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded:

* Active mycobacterial infection other than MAC that requires treatment, with the exception of isoniazid used solely for TB prophylaxis.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

* Other antimycobacterial drugs (with the exception of isoniazid for TB prophylaxis).
* Other investigational drugs unless approved by protocol chair.

PER AMENDMENT 7/2/97:

* For patients who elect to receive indinavir or ritonavir:
* Terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride, triazolam, or midazolam.
* For patients who elect to receive ritonavir:
* alprazolam, amiodarone, bepridil, bupropion, cisapride, clorazepate, clozapine, diazepam, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, estazolam, encainide, flecainide, flurazepam, meperidine, pimozide, piroxicam, propafenone, propoxyphene, quinidine or zolpidem.
* For patients who elect to receive indinavir:
* oral contraceptives other than ORTHO/NOVUM as a sole form of birth control.
* For patients randomized to a rifabutin-containing arm:
* oral contraceptives or Norplant as a sole form of birth control.

Patients with the following prior condition are excluded:

* History of severe hypersensitivity to erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, ethambutol, rifampin, or rifabutin (including Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hepatitis, optic neuritis, or exfoliative dermatitis).

Prior Medication:

Excluded:

* Empiric or presumptive antimycobacterial therapy prior to study entry if \> 14 days, within 90 days prior to entry.

NOTE:

* Patients unwilling to discontinue presumptive therapy or empiric therapy may be enrolled with the permission of the protocol chairs, however, if they are without a MAC positive blood culture at baseline, they will have study medications discontinued (AS PER AMENDMENT 7/2/97).

PER AMENDMENT 10/10/96:

* Treatment with clarithromycin or ethambutol within 4 days of initiation of study medications.
* Treatment with rifabutin or rifampin within 7 days of initiation of study medications.
Minimum Eligible Age

13 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Benson CA

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Chaisson RE

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Currier JS

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Locations

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Alabama Therapeutics CRS

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status

USC CRS

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

UCLA CARE Center CRS

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Ucsd, Avrc Crs

San Diego, California, United States

Site Status

Ucsf Aids Crs

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Harbor-UCLA Med. Ctr. CRS

Torrance, California, United States

Site Status

University of Colorado Hospital CRS

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

The Ponce de Leon Ctr. CRS

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

Queens Med. Ctr.

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Leahi Hosp.

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Site Status

Northwestern University CRS

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Cook County Hosp. CORE Ctr.

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Rush Univ. Med. Ctr. ACTG CRS

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Weiss Memorial Hosp.

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Clinic

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Wishard Memorial

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Methodist Hosp. of Indiana

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Johns Hopkins Adult AIDS CRS

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Bmc Actg Crs

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Deaconess - East Campus A0102 CRS

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Hennepin County Med. Ctr., Div. of Infectious Diseases

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

University of Minnesota, ACTU

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

Washington U CRS

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status

St. Louis ConnectCare, Infectious Diseases Clinic

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status

SUNY - Buffalo, Erie County Medical Ctr.

Buffalo, New York, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Med. Ctr. (Mt. Sinai)

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

NY Univ. HIV/AIDS CRS

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Rochester ACTG CRS

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status

Unc Aids Crs

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Cincinnati CRS

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status

The Ohio State Univ. AIDS CRS

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Hosp. of the Univ. of Pennsylvania CRS

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

University of Washington AIDS CRS

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Mbeya Med. Research Program, Mbeya Referral Hosp. CRS

Mbeya, , Tanzania

Site Status

Countries

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United States Tanzania

References

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Flexner C, Noe D, Benson C, Currier J, Andrade A, Shaver A. Adherence patterns in patients with symptomatic Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection taking a twice-daily clarithromycin regimen. ACTG 223 Study Team. Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:585 (abstract no 32324)

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Benson CA, Williams PL, Currier JS, Holland F, Mahon LF, MacGregor RR, Inderlied CB, Flexner C, Neidig J, Chaisson R, Notario GF, Hafner R; AIDS Clinical Trials Group 223 Protocol Team. A prospective, randomized trial examining the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin in combination with ethambutol, rifabutin, or both for the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Nov 1;37(9):1234-43. doi: 10.1086/378807. Epub 2003 Oct 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14557969 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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11200

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

ACTG 223

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id