A Randomized, Comparative Study of Daily Dapsone and Daily Atovaquone for Prophylaxis Against PCP in HIV-Infected Patients Who Are Intolerant of Trimethoprim and/or Sulfonamides

NCT ID: NCT00000802

Last Updated: 2021-11-04

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

700 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Completion Date

1997-07-31

Brief Summary

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To compare the efficacy and safety of dapsone versus atovaquone in preventing or delaying the onset of histologically proven or probable Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts \<= 200 cells/mm3 or \<= 15 percent of the total lymphocyte count who are intolerant to trimethoprim and/or sulfonamides.

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), which is effective for secondary PCP prophylaxis, is associated with allergic manifestations and side effects that limit its use. Patients who are intolerant of TMP/SMX require an effective alternative. Dapsone and atovaquone have both shown promise as PCP prophylactic agents.

Detailed Description

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Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), which is effective for secondary PCP prophylaxis, is associated with allergic manifestations and side effects that limit its use. Patients who are intolerant of TMP/SMX require an effective alternative. Dapsone and atovaquone have both shown promise as PCP prophylactic agents.

Patients are randomized to receive either dapsone or atovaquone daily, with follow-up at the clinic every 4 months.

Conditions

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Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii HIV Infections

Keywords

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Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii Dapsone Antifungal Agents Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome atovaquone

Study Design

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Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Interventions

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Atovaquone

Intervention Type DRUG

Dapsone

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication: Strongly recommended:

* Pyrimethamine (50 mg) and folinic acid (15 mg) weekly in patients receiving dapsone who have CD4 count \< 100 cells/mm3 and are toxoplasmosis seropositive.

Patients must have:

* Working diagnosis of HIV infection.
* CD4 count \<= 200 cells/mm3 or \<= 15 percent of total lymphocyte count at any time in the past OR a history of PCP.
* History of intolerance of trimethoprim and/or sulfonamides that required permanent discontinuation.

NOTE:

* Pregnant patients are eligible at the clinician's discretion.

Prior Medication:

Allowed:

* Prior PCP prophylaxis.

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded:

* Active pneumocystosis.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

* PCP prophylaxis (other than study drug) or any medication with potential anti-PCP activity.

Patients with the following prior conditions are excluded:

* Known treatment-limiting reaction to dapsone or atovaquone.
Minimum Eligible Age

13 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Principal Investigators

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El-Sadr W

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Luskin-Hawk R

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Murphy R

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Locations

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Alabama Therapeutics CRS

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status

USC CRS

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Stanford CRS

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status

Ucsd, Avrc Crs

San Diego, California, United States

Site Status

Ucsf Aids Crs

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Santa Clara Valley Med. Ctr.

San Jose, California, United States

Site Status

San Mateo County AIDS Program

San Mateo, California, United States

Site Status

Harbor-UCLA Med. Ctr. CRS

Torrance, California, United States

Site Status

University of Colorado Hospital CRS

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Howard University Hosp., Div. of Infectious Diseases, ACTU

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Miami AIDS CRS

Miami, Florida, United States

Site Status

Emory Univ. Hemophilia Program Office

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

Queens Med. Ctr.

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Leahi Hosp.

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Site Status

Northwestern University CRS

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Cook County Hosp. CORE Ctr.

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Rush Univ. Med. Ctr. ACTG CRS

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Weiss Memorial Hosp.

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Clinic

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Iowa Healthcare, Div. of Infectious Diseases

Iowa City, Iowa, United States

Site Status

Johns Hopkins Adult AIDS CRS

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Bmc Actg Crs

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Deaconess - East Campus A0102 CRS

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Massachusetts General Hospital ACTG CRS

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Hennepin County Med. Ctr., Div. of Infectious Diseases

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

University of Minnesota, ACTU

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

St. Louis ConnectCare, Infectious Diseases Clinic

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status

Washington U CRS

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Nebraska Med. Ctr., Durham Outpatient Ctr.

Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Site Status

SUNY - Buffalo, Erie County Medical Ctr.

Buffalo, New York, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Med. Ctr. (Mt. Sinai)

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

NY Univ. HIV/AIDS CRS

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Rochester ACTG CRS

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status

Unc Aids Crs

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Carolinas HealthCare System, Carolinas Med. Ctr.

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Regional Center for Infectious Disease, Wendover Medical Center CRS

Greensboro, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Wake County Health and Human Services CRS

Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Cincinnati CRS

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Case CRS

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

MetroHealth CRS

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

The Ohio State Univ. AIDS CRS

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Hosp. of the Univ. of Pennsylvania CRS

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

University of Washington AIDS CRS

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Mbeya Med. Research Program, Mbeya Referral Hosp. CRS

Mbeya, , Tanzania

Site Status

Countries

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United States Tanzania

References

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El-Sadr WM, Murphy RL, Yurik TM, Luskin-Hawk R, Cheung TW, Balfour HH Jr, Eng R, Hooton TM, Kerkering TM, Schutz M, van der Horst C, Hafner R. Atovaquone compared with dapsone for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who cannot tolerate trimethoprim, sulfonamides, or both. Community Program for Clinical Research on AIDS and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1998 Dec 24;339(26):1889-95. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199812243392604.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9862944 (View on PubMed)

Caldwell P, Murphy R, Chan C, Yurik T, Scott J, el-Sadr W. Atovaquone suspension (ATQ) for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP): effects of baseline prophylaxis on safety and efficacy. Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:297 (abstract no 22178)

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Murphy R, El-Sadr W, Cheung T, Luskin-Hawk R, Yurik T, Neaton J, Hafner R. Impact of protease inhibitor containing regimens on the risk of developing opportunistic infections and mortality in the CPCRA 034/ACTG 277 study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1998 Feb 1-5;5th:113 (abstract no 181)

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Other Identifiers

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CPCRA 034

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

11253

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

ACTG 277

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id