A Phase II Efficacy Study Comparing 2',3'-Dideoxyinosine (ddI) (BMY-40900) and Zidovudine Therapy of Patients With HIV Infection Who Have Been on Long Term Zidovudine Treatment

NCT ID: NCT00000671

Last Updated: 2011-03-14

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE2

Total Enrollment

750 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Brief Summary

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To compare the effectiveness and toxicity of didanosine (ddI) and zidovudine (AZT) in patients with AIDS or advanced AIDS-related complex (ARC) who have tolerated AZT therapy for 12 months or longer. Per amendment, asymptomatic patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mm3 are eligible.

AZT is effective in reducing mortality in patients with AIDS who receive the drug after the first episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and in patients with advanced ARC. However, AZT therapy has been associated with significant toxicities. In addition, the effectiveness of AZT appears to decrease during the second and third years of therapy. For these reasons, the development of alternative therapy that would be at least as effective but less toxic is of great importance. The drug ddI is an antiviral agent that inhibits replication of HIV with less apparent toxicity than AZT. Studies indicate that ddI remains active in the body for at least 12 hours; thus benefits of ddI might be achieved with a low frequency of drug administration.

Detailed Description

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AZT is effective in reducing mortality in patients with AIDS who receive the drug after the first episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and in patients with advanced ARC. However, AZT therapy has been associated with significant toxicities. In addition, the effectiveness of AZT appears to decrease during the second and third years of therapy. For these reasons, the development of alternative therapy that would be at least as effective but less toxic is of great importance. The drug ddI is an antiviral agent that inhibits replication of HIV with less apparent toxicity than AZT. Studies indicate that ddI remains active in the body for at least 12 hours; thus benefits of ddI might be achieved with a low frequency of drug administration.

Two dose levels of ddI, each adjusted depending on patient's weight at study entry, are compared with a variable dosage regimen of AZT (the dose which the patient is tolerating at the time of study entry). Randomization is stratified by baseline CD4 cell count (less than 100 or 100-300) and Medical Center. This study continues for at least 12 months after the entry of the first subject. Patients randomized to AZT will receive orally. All patients randomized to AZT also receive a ddI placebo at 12 hour intervals. Patients randomized to ddI receive AZT placebo.

Conditions

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HIV Infections

Study Design

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Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Interventions

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Zidovudine

Intervention Type DRUG

Didanosine

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Required:

* Aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg every 4 weeks).

Allowed:

* Chronic suppressive treatment for toxoplasmosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), cryptococcal meningitis, herpes simplex virus infection.
* Ganciclovir for patients developing cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection while in study.
* Erythropoietin for patients under the relevant treatment IND.
* Treatment of opportunistic infections with other than sulfonamide-containing regimens.
* Aspirin, acetaminophen, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents is discouraged, but is permitted for as short a period of time as possible.
* Chronic use of trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole or other sulfonamide preparations is not encouraged while on study.

Patients must:

* Have had the diagnosis of AIDS or advanced AIDS related complex (ARC).
* Have received AZT therapy for at least 12 months, with a minimal daily dose of 500 mg/day and with no more than 60 days off AZT therapy within the 12 month period; medical records with documentation of AZT dosing must be provided.
* Provide informed consent (guardian as appropriate).
* Be available for follow-up for at least 6 months.
* Have the inclusion laboratory values within approximately 14 days of initiating therapy (except for CD4 cell counts).
* Patients whose AIDS-defining condition is Kaposi's sarcoma alone must have CD4 cell counts \< 300 cells/mm3.

Allowed:

* Positive blood culture for Mycobacterium avium or Cytomegalovirus.
* Prior history of toxoplasmosis, Herpes simplex, Cryptococcus, or Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) requiring chronic suppressive therapy.
* Occasional premature atrial or ventricular contractions.

Prior Medication:

Required:

* Zidovudine (AZT) therapy for at least 12 months, with a minimal daily dose of 500 mg/day, and with no more than 60 days off AZT therapy within the 12-month period (documentation of AZT dosing must be provided).

Allowed:

* Intralesional agents.

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following are excluded:

* Psychological or emotional problems sufficient, in the investigator's opinion, to prevent adequate compliance with study therapy.
* AIDS-dementia complex = or \> stage 2.
* Active AIDS defining opportunistic infections not specifically allowed.
* Intractable diarrhea.
* Grade 2 neuropathy, based on the Neuropathy Targeted Symptom Questionnaire, or any moderate abnormality indicative of peripheral neuropathy, particularly impaired sensation of sharp pain, light touch, or vibration in the lower extremities, distal extremity weakness, or distal extremity hyperreflexia.
* Prior history of acute pancreatitis within past 2 years or chronic pancreatitis.
* History of seizures within past 2 years or currently requiring anticonvulsants for control.
* History of past or current heart disease.
* Malignancy likely in the investigator's opinion to require cytotoxic chemotherapy during the expected course of this trial.
* Life expectancy \< 3 months.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

* Isoniazid (INH). Neurotoxic drugs. Oral acidifying agents.

Patients with the following are excluded:

* Psychological or emotional problems sufficient, in the investigator's opinion, to prevent adequate compliance with study therapy.
* AIDS-dementia complex = or \> stage 2.
* Active AIDS defining opportunistic infections not specifically allowed.
* Intractable diarrhea.
* Prior history of acute pancreatitis within past 2 years or chronic pancreatitis.
* History of seizures within past 2 years or currently requiring anticonvulsants for control.
* History of past or current heart disease.
* Malignancy likely in the investigator's opinion to require cytotoxic chemotherapy during the expected course of this trial.
* Life expectancy = or \< 3 months.
* Previous participation in any study of ddI, ddC or d4T.

Prior Medication:

Excluded:

* Ganciclovir (DHPG).
* Excluded within 1 month of study entry:
* ddI and any other antiretroviral drug or investigational anti-HIV agent except for zidovudine (AZT).

Interferons.

* Immunomodulating drugs.
* Cytotoxic agents not specifically allowed.
* Neurotoxic drugs.

Excluded within 3 months of study entry:

* Ribavirin.

Prior Treatment:

Excluded within 14 days of study randomization:

* Blood transfusion.

Active alcohol or drug abuse that is sufficient, in investigator's opinion, to prevent adequate compliance with study therapy.
Minimum Eligible Age

12 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Bristol-Myers Squibb

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Principal Investigators

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J Kahn

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

D Richman

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Locations

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Children's Hosp of Los Angeles/UCLA Med Ctr

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Los Angeles County - USC Med Ctr

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Cedars Sinai / UCLA Med Ctr

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

UCLA CARE Ctr

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Harbor - UCLA Med Ctr / UCLA School of Medicine

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Palo Alto Veterans Adm Med Ctr / Stanford Univ

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status

Univ of California / San Diego Treatment Ctr

San Diego, California, United States

Site Status

San Francisco AIDS Clinic / San Francisco Gen Hosp

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Stanford at Kaiser / Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Stanford Univ School of Medicine

Stanford, California, United States

Site Status

Olive View Med Ctr

Sylmar, California, United States

Site Status

Sepulveda Veterans Adm Med Ctr / Olive View Med Ctr

Sylmar, California, United States

Site Status

Harbor UCLA Med Ctr

Torrance, California, United States

Site Status

Mountain States Regional Hemophilia Ctr / Univ of Colorado

Denver, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Univ of Colorado Health Sciences Ctr

Denver, Colorado, United States

Site Status

George Washington Univ Med Ctr

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status

G E Morey Jr

Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States

Site Status

Univ of Miami School of Medicine

Miami, Florida, United States

Site Status

Northwestern Univ Med School

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Rush Presbyterian - Saint Luke's Med Ctr

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Edward Hines Veterans Administration Hosp

Hines, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Indiana Univ Hosp

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Univ of Kansas School of Medicine

Wichita, Kansas, United States

Site Status

Louisiana Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Ctr

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Site Status

Louisiana State Univ Med Ctr / Tulane Med School

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Site Status

Tulane Univ School of Medicine

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Site Status

Harvard (Massachusetts Gen Hosp)

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Boston Med Ctr

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Deaconess - West Campus

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Baystate Med Ctr of Springfield

Springfield, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Med Ctr of Central Massachusetts

Worcester, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Univ of Massachusetts Med Ctr

Worcester, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Univ of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

Nebraska Regional Hemophilia Ctr

Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Site Status

SUNY / Erie County Med Ctr at Buffalo

Buffalo, New York, United States

Site Status

City Hosp Ctr at Elmhurst / Mount Sinai Hosp

Elmhurst, New York, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Med Ctr / Peter Krueger Clinic

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Bellevue Hosp / New York Univ Med Ctr

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Cornell Univ Med Ctr

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Mem Sloan - Kettering Cancer Ctr

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Saint Luke's - Roosevelt Hosp Ctr

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Mount Sinai Hemophilia Ctr / Mount Sinai Med Ctr

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Mount Sinai Med Ctr

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Univ of Rochester Medical Center

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status

SUNY - Stony Brook

Stony Brook, New York, United States

Site Status

SUNY / State Univ of New York

Syracuse, New York, United States

Site Status

Bronx Municipal Hosp Ctr/Jacobi Med Ctr

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status

Jack Weiler Hosp / Bronx Municipal Hosp

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status

Montefiore Med Ctr / Bronx Municipal Hosp

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status

Bronx Veterans Administration / Mount Sinai Hosp

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status

Univ of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Duke Univ Med Ctr

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Bowman Gray School of Medicine / Wake Forest Univ

Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Holmes Hosp / Univ of Cincinnati Med Ctr

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Univ Hosp of Cleveland / Case Western Reserve Univ

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Ohio State Univ Hosp Clinic

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Med College of Ohio

Toledo, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Milton S Hershey Med Ctr

Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Univ of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Hemophilia Ctr of Western PA / Univ of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Univ of Pittsburgh Med School

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Julio Arroyo

West Columbia, South Carolina, United States

Site Status

Univ of Tennessee / E Tennessee Comprehensive Hemophilia Ctr

Knoxville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

Hermann Hosp / Univ Texas Health Science Ctr

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

Dr Stephen L Green

Hampton, Virginia, United States

Site Status

Univ of Washington

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Dr Brian Buggy

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status

Milwaukee County Med Complex

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status

Great Lakes Hemophilia Foundation

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status

San Juan Veterans Administration Med Ctr

San Juan, , Puerto Rico

Site Status

Countries

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United States Puerto Rico

References

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Smith MS, Koerber KL, Pagano JS. Long-term persistence of zidovudine resistance mutations in plasma isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of dideoxyinosine-treated patients removed from zidovudine therapy. J Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;169(1):184-8. doi: 10.1093/infdis/169.1.184.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7506280 (View on PubMed)

Bozzette SA, Hays RD, Berry SH, Kanouse DE. A Perceived Health Index for use in persons with advanced HIV disease: derivation, reliability, and validity. Med Care. 1994 Jul;32(7):716-31. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199407000-00005.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8028406 (View on PubMed)

Fiscus SA, Heggem-Snow A, Troiani L, Wallmark E, Folds JD, Sheff B, van der Horst CM. Transient high titers of HIV-1 in plasma and progression of disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995 May 1;9(1):51-7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7712235 (View on PubMed)

Coombs RW, Welles SL, Hooper C, Reichelderfer PS, D'Aquila RT, Japour AJ, Johnson VA, Kuritzkes DR, Richman DD, Kwok S, Todd J, Jackson JB, DeGruttola V, Crumpacker CS, Kahn J. Association of plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA level with risk of clinical progression in patients with advanced infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 116B/117 Study Team. ACTG Virology Committee Resistance and HIV-1 RNA Working Groups. J Infect Dis. 1996 Oct;174(4):704-12. doi: 10.1093/infdis/174.4.704.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8843206 (View on PubMed)

Richardson D, Liou SH, Kahn JO. Uric acid and didanosine compliance in AIDS clinical trials: an analysis of AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocols 116A and 116B/117. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). 1993 Nov;6(11):1212-23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8229656 (View on PubMed)

Kozal M, Winters M, Shafer R, Kroodsma K, Katzenstein D, Merigan T. Behavior of codon 74 and 215 pol gene mutations in 62 AZT experienced patients on ddI monotherapy. Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (1st). 1993 Dec 12-16;55

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Kozal MJ, Kroodsma K, Winters MA, Shafer RW, Efron B, Katzenstein DA, Merigan TC. Didanosine resistance in HIV-infected patients switched from zidovudine to didanosine monotherapy. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Aug 15;121(4):263-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-121-4-199408150-00005.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7518658 (View on PubMed)

Schooley RT. Correlation between viral load measurements and outcome in clinical trials of antiviral drugs. AIDS. 1995 Dec;9 Suppl 2:S15-S19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8775802 (View on PubMed)

Kahn JO, Lagakos SW, Richman DD, Cross A, Pettinelli C, Liou SH, Brown M, Volberding PA, Crumpacker CS, Beall G, et al. A controlled trial comparing continued zidovudine with didanosine in human immunodeficiency virus infection. The NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1992 Aug 27;327(9):581-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199208273270901.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 1353607 (View on PubMed)

Richman DD. Clinical significance of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Oct;21 Suppl 2:S166-9. doi: 10.1093/clinids/21.supplement_2.s166.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8845446 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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070V1

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

AI454-009

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

ACTG 117

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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